The involvement in childcare of married and cohabiting fathers: evidence from Italy

Genus

Journal of Population Sciences

Table 2 Ordinal logistic models for fathers’ involvement in daily basic childcare as a whole—β coefficients (coefficients predicting higher involvement of fathers—3093 observations)

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
Type of union (ref: marriage without pre-marital cohabitation)
Marriage with pre-marital cohabitation	0.25***	0.24***	0.23**	0.19*	0.13
Cohabitation	0.26**	0.21*	0.16	0.14	0.08
Only child (ref: no)
Yes		0.16**	0.09	0.02	0.02
Child’s age (ref: 0)
1		0.01	0.01	0.05	0.04
2		0.07	0.06	0.09	0.07
3		− 0.34***	− 0.36***	− 0.34***	− 0.41***
Child’s gender (ref: F)
Male		0.10	0.11	0.12*	0.12*
Union duration			− 0.02***	− 0.02**	− 0.02**
Educational status of parents (ref: low)
High				0.40***	0.40***
Medium				0.22***	0.19**
Parental employment (ref: empl. father and non-empl. mother)
Empl. father, full-time empl. mother				0.50***	0.44***
Empl. father, part-time empl. mother				0.43***	0.35***
Other				0.32**	0.37***
Father’s age (ref: under 35)
35–39				− 0.02	− 0.03
> 40				0.01	0.01
Grandparents involved in childcare (ref: No)
Yes					0.04
Childcare by a babysitter (ref: No)
Yes					− 0.10
Crechè (ref: No)
Yes					0.08
Household economic resources (ref: sufficient)
Insufficient					− 0.01
Area of residence (ref: South)
Centre					0.24**
North					0.26***
Year of the survey (ref: 2003)
2009					− 0.01