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Journal of Population Sciences

Table 3 Detailed decomposition results of the conditional percentage contributions of the determinants’ marital fertility changes

From: The elasticity of marital fertility in three sub-Saharan African countries: a decomposition analysis

 

Kenya

Rwanda

 Years

 ASMFR means

1989–1993

0.254–0.218

1993–1998

0.218–0.194

1998–2003

0.194–0.209

2003–2008

0.209–0.193

2008–2014

0.193–0.165

1992–2000

0.264–0.271

2000–2005

0.271–0.286

2005–2010

0.286–0.208

2008–2014/15

0.208–0.185

 

E

C

E

C

E

C

E

C

E

C

E

C

E

C

E

C

E

C

 Proximate

  Contraception

   None

0.4

− 7.0

0.3

4.3

0.0

− 4.7

0.6

− 5.1

0.2

1.4

− 0.2

− 5.7

0.2

− 2.7

0.2

− 0.8

0.1

− 1.1

   Modern

− 0.5

− 1.7

0.0

2.3

0.0

− 1.0

0.0

− 0.6

0.1

0.6

− 2.5

1.5

0.4

− 1.1

− 0.5

0.0

− 0.1

0.2

   Traditional

− 0.5

0.9

0.1

− 1.1

0.0

0.9

− 0.2

0.7

0.0

− 0.2

0.3

− 1.6

0.0

1.0

0.0

0.1

− 0.1

0.1

  PI

   No

0.3

− 0.1

0.2

− 0.8

0.4

− 1.4

0.1

− 5.5

0.1

2.5

− 0.7

− 6.3

0.1

2.5

0.1

0.3

0.2

− 0.2

   Yes

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.4

0.4

0.9

0.1

2.8

0.1

− 1.1

− 0.7

8.8

0.1

− 3.8

0.1

− 0.3

0.2

0.2

  Abortion

   No

    

0.0

0.0

0.0

2.0

0.0

− 2.3

  

0.0

4.8

0.0

0.6

0.0

1.1

   Yes

    

0.0

0.0

0.0

− 0.3

0.0

0.3

  

0.0

− 1.3

0.0

− 0.1

0.0

− 0.3

 Female

  Education

   None

− 0.6

1.3

− 0.6

− 0.8

0.0

1.3

0.9

− 2.1

0.0

1.0

2.0

− 0.6

− 0.7

6.8

− 0.1

0.6

− 0.1

− 0.4

   Primary

0.0

− 0.5

0.1

3.0

0.2

14.0

0.0

9.3

− 0.1

− 0.6

− 0.2

− 13.5

1.3

12.3

0.0

2.3

0.0

0.3

   Secondary

− 0.2

1.0

0.3

3.5

− 0.5

4.4

0.0

2.7

0.0

− 0.3

1.6

3.0

0.0

− 2.0

0.0

0.0

− 0.1

− 0.1

   Tertiary

0.0

0.0

− 0.4

− 0.3

− 0.7

− 3.0

0.2

− 0.5

− 0.1

− 0.9

0.0

0.0

− 0.1

− 0.1

0.0

− 0.1

0.0

0.1

   Community-level education

0.7

2.8

− 0.2

− 0.3

0.0

1.7

2.5

11.2

0.5

− 6.1

1.0

17.1

0.2

− 0.3

− 0.4

0.9

− 0.1

4.1

  Occupation

   Not employed

0.5

− 0.5

0.3

0.6

− 0.1

− 1.4

0.0

1.3

0.3

− 1.4

6.5

− 0.8

0.6

37.8

0.1

− 0.1

− 0.2

0.6

   Skilled

0.5

0.7

0.0

0.8

0.0

1.0

− 0.8

− 1.0

− 0.8

0.8

1.0

4.1

0.2

− 2.4

0.0

− 0.2

0.0

− 0.1

   Semiskilled

  

0.0

0.8

0.0

− 0.7

1.4

− 1.5

0.0

0.6

4.1

7.2

− 0.1

− 2.9

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.3

   Agriculture

  

0.4

2.1

0.1

3.6

− 0.8

2.7

0.0

− 1.2

− 2.1

75.3

− 1.0

− 38.0

0.0

0.6

− 0.1

6.1

   Unskilled

  

0.0

− 0.5

0.0

− 1.3

− 0.2

0.2

0.0

− 1.1

0.0

− 0.1

0.1

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

− 0.4

 Male

  Education

   None

0.1

− 0.3

− 0.3

1.0

0.0

0.8

0.4

− 1.3

0.0

0.5

0.0

− 0.5

0.4

0.3

− 0.1

0.0

− 0.2

0.8

   Primary

0.0

0.1

− 0.1

− 1.0

0.1

4.7

0.0

− 0.5

0.0

1.2

1.2

− 6.4

− 0.4

5.3

− 0.1

− 1.9

0.1

6.9

   Secondary

0.0

− 1.4

− 0.2

− 1.7

0.0

− 2.1

− 0.2

− 2.1

0.0

1.0

− 1.2

− 2.6

− 0.1

1.1

0.0

− 0.1

0.0

0.0

   Tertiary

0.0

0.1

− 0.2

− 0.3

0.0

− 1.2

0.2

2.5

0.0

− 1.8

0.3

0.4

0.0

− 0.2

0.0

0.1

− 0.2

− 0.5

   Community-level education

− 0.2

2.4

0.7

10.1

− 0.1

7.6

− 1.0

− 9.6

− 0.2

2.9

− 3.1

− 16.5

− 0.4

0.9

0.0

− 1.2

0.0

3.3

  Occupation

   Not employed

0.0

0.4

0.0

− 0.3

0.2

− 0.1

0.1

− 0.1

0.0

0.2

− 0.1

− 0.1

− 0.8

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.1

   Skilled

− 0.1

− 2.7

− 0.1

1.6

− 0.3

1.2

0.7

2.8

0.2

− 1.0

− 0.6

− 5.2

0.0

− 4.0

0.0

− 1.2

− 0.1

0.0

   Semiskilled

0.2

− 0.8

0.0

1.0

0.0

1.1

− 1.7

1.5

0.0

− 0.4

− 0.1

2.7

− 0.2

− 2.8

0.0

− 0.4

0.0

0.0

   Agriculture

0.1

− 1.6

− 0.1

3.1

0.0

3.0

− 0.1

1.0

− 0.1

0.0

0.3

− 36.3

0.9

− 3.8

− 0.2

− 1.2

0.0

− 6.2

   Unskilled

0.2

− 0.3

− 0.2

− 1.9

− 0.2

− 1.8

− 0.6

1.2

0.1

− 2.0

− 0.5

0.4

− 0.9

− 1.6

0.0

− 0.4

0.0

0.1

  HDC

   Same

  

0.0

0.1

− 0.1

2.6

− 0.2

0.1

0.0

0.4

0.1

1.8

0.0

− 1.2

0.0

0.1

0.0

− 1.8

   More

  

− 0.1

0.3

0.1

2.3

− 0.1

2.7

0.0

− 0.6

0.2

6.0

− 0.2

− 1.6

− 0.2

0.3

0.0

0.0

   Less

  

− 0.1

− 0.1

− 0.1

− 1.1

0.1

− 0.4

0.0

0.1

1.0

− 3.2

− 0.3

1.3

0.0

− 0.3

0.0

0.6

 Demographic

  Age group

   15–19

0.3

1.7

− 1.2

− 8.4

5.0

− 8.6

14.3

0.5

3.2

− 2.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

− 1.9

− 0.1

− 1.1

0.2

0.6

   20–24

− 9.3

16.7

3.9

− 8.1

0.9

11.6

2.5

2.2

10.1

14.1

21.1

29.2

− 0.9

25.5

5.0

2.0

8.1

3.4

   25–29

3.4

10.0

− 1.5

4.1

− 3.3

21.8

− 2.7

5.8

− 5.7

14.2

6.6

− 21.9

6.2

31.7

− 2.7

13.0

10.6

− 8.2

   30–34

− 1.1

10.8

3.8

− 10.4

1.9

3.2

− 2.3

18.4

− 0.1

3.8

− 33.7

11.4

10.8

7.3

− 0.4

9.7

− 5.3

− 2.6

   35–39

− 1.5

− 3.1

8.7

26.2

10.3

11.8

0.1

− 8.6

2.3

1.8

− 0.2

− 7.5

− 2.5

21.3

0.4

8.5

1.3

− 3.9

   40–44

− 2.3

− 1.6

− 3.1

− 0.4

− 14.2

− 4.5

− 9.5

− 5.6

− 2.4

− 2.8

− 4.6

9.8

0.7

− 24.9

− 2.1

− 2.1

6.3

7.0

   45–49

− 0.8

− 13.3

− 0.7

5.9

− 6.0

− 7.7

15.9

− 2.9

− 3.1

− 6.9

− 9.6

− 14.8

− 21.6

− 11.4

0.3

− 6.1

− 9.2

− 5.0

   IMR

0.0

1.8

− 1.6

6.3

− 1.2

− 43.6

12.5

− 47.4

1.9

4.8

21.5

167.2

− 12.4

0.5

1.1

4.4

− 32.7

62.1

   CMR

0.6

9.9

1.4

− 20.6

0.1

21.7

− 8.7

22.2

− 2.7

0.6

4.9

− 142.0

12.9

− 54.3

3.7

− 7.6

16.8

− 25.0

 Socioeconomic

  SES

   Poorest

  

0.0

− 0.4

0.1

− 1.1

0.1

− 1.3

0.0

0.1

3.8

2.6

1.6

− 5.1

0.0

− 0.5

0.0

− 0.2

   Poorer

  

0.1

1.4

0.0

0.0

− 0.1

2.8

0.0

− 1.2

− 1.0

1.8

− 0.2

− 2.0

0.0

− 0.2

− 0.1

− 1.0

   Middle

  

0.0

− 0.8

0.0

0.2

0.1

0.7

0.0

− 1.0

0.0

− 5.6

0.0

2.4

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.5

   Richer

  

0.0

0.6

0.0

0.1

0.1

1.1

0.0

− 1.0

− 0.4

4.0

0.5

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.8

   Richest

  

0.0

− 0.8

0.0

1.1

− 0.3

− 4.3

0.0

3.9

1.0

− 2.9

0.1

3.8

0.0

0.5

0.0

0.0

  Religion

   Catholic

0.0

− 1.2

0.1

0.3

0.0

− 0.9

0.0

− 0.2

0.0

0.4

    

0.1

− 1.7

− 0.1

2.9

   Protestant

              

− 0.1

− 1.1

0.3

5.5

   Pentecostal

              

0.0

− 0.2

− 0.1

1.4

   Muslim

0.0

0.2

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.7

0.0

1.0

0.0

− 0.1

    

0.0

− 0.1

0.0

0.1

   Other Christian

0.1

2.1

− 0.2

− 7.3

0.2

1.8

0.0

5.9

0.1

2.7

        

   Other religions

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

− 0.1

− 0.2

0.0

0.0

    

0.0

0.1

0.0

− 0.2

   None

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

− 0.4

0.0

0.2

0.0

− 0.2

    

0.0

0.0

0.1

− 0.1

  Place of residence

                  

   Rural

0.0

1.3

− 0.1

1.3

0.1

− 2.0

0.1

− 7.3

− 0.3

2.9

− 0.5

26.8

0.1

− 9.6

0.0

0.2

0.0

− 0.3

   Urban

0.0

− 0.2

− 0.1

− 0.4

0.1

0.6

0.1

2.2

− 0.3

− 1.9

− 0.5

− 3.1

0.1

1.4

0.0

− 1.0

0.0

1.2

   Constant

 

86.9

 

82.3

 

60.1

 

91.5

 

65.7

 

− 17.3

 

182.2

 

88.7

 

33.2

 Total (minus_cons)

                  
 

Zimbabwe

        

 Years

 ASMFR means

1988–1994

0.209–0.177

1994–1999

0.177–0.155

1999–2005/2006

0.155–0.151

2005/2006–2010/2011

0.151–0.161

2010/2011–2015

0.161–170

        
 

E

C

E

C

E

C

E

C

E

C

        

 Proximate

  Contraception

   None

0.1

− 0.3

0.0

2.6

− 0.7

9.3

0.1

11.2

4.0

− 14.1

        

   Modern

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.7

− 0.5

− 9.6

0.0

5.6

− 2.2

− 20.0

        

   Traditional

0.0

0.0

0.1

− 0.2

0.1

0.0

0.1

− 0.4

0.0

0.7

        

  PI

   No

0.2

0.7

0.1

− 4.0

0.1

9.8

0.4

− 7.8

− 0.1

9.8

        

   Yes

0.2

− 0.3

0.1

1.3

0.1

− 3.3

0.4

2.8

− 0.1

− 3.4

        

  Abortion

   No

  

0.0

4.4

0.6

27.4

0.1

1.7

0.0

7.5

        

   Yes

  

0.0

− 0.7

0.6

− 3.8

0.1

− 0.3

0.0

− 1.5

        

 Female

  Education

   None

− 0.1

1.3

0.0

− 0.1

− 2.6

4.1

1.0

− 0.1

0.0

0.6

        

   Primary

0.3

0.8

0.2

1.3

2.3

− 5.4

0.5

− 7.2

0.2

0.9

        

   Secondary

− 0.4

4.0

− 0.5

− 0.1

− 10.3

− 32.6

0.8

− 17.2

0.1

− 3.2

        

   Tertiary

0.1

− 0.5

0.1

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.4

2.2

0.0

− 2.3

        

   Community-level education

2.6

3.8

− 1.2

− 23.5

11.5

102.5

− 1.9

18.3

1.3

51.6

        

  Occupation

   Not employed

  

0.0

− 0.9

0.5

− 3.8

0.1

7.2

− 0.8

− 0.5

        

   Skilled

  

0.0

0.3

− 0.8

1.9

0.6

− 0.3

− 0.5

0.4

        

   Semiskilled

  

− 0.4

− 1.3

1.6

− 0.5

0.4

0.7

2.0

0.6

        

   Agriculture

  

0.2

0.2

1.0

4.6

0.0

− 0.7

0.4

2.2

        

   Unskilled

  

0.0

0.1

0.7

− 1.4

− 1.0

− 0.5

3.3

− 0.5

        

 Male

  Education

   None

− 0.4

0.0

− 0.2

− 0.2

− 0.1

− 1.8

0.3

− 0.3

0.2

− 0.1

        

   Primary

− 0.2

0.2

− 0.7

0.3

− 1.8

− 1.9

0.1

1.7

0.0

− 1.3

        

   Secondary

− 0.5

− 1.4

− 1.0

1.4

− 1.1

18.5

1.8

10.8

− 0.4

− 3.5

        

   Tertiary

− 0.1

0.2

− 0.1

0.0

0.0

1.2

0.0

− 0.8

0.4

1.8

        

   Community-level education

1.1

9.2

5.7

13.2

− 2.9

− 155.6

1.3

0.7

− 0.2

− 38.4

        

  Occupation

   Not employed

0.0

− 0.1

− 0.1

0.8

− 0.2

0.9

0.1

0.5

0.0

− 0.7

        

   Skilled

− 0.2

− 1.8

− 0.1

2.8

0.1

− 7.0

0.0

0.1

0.6

3.9

        

   Semiskilled

0.0

1.6

− 0.2

− 3.3

0.6

4.7

− 0.4

0.3

0.1

− 1.9

        

   Agriculture

0.0

0.2

− 0.7

1.3

2.1

− 8.8

1.1

− 0.6

1.0

− 1.9

        

   Unskilled

− 0.1

0.7

0.3

− 1.4

0.4

2.1

0.4

− 0.5

− 3.0

0.6

        

  HDC

   Same

  

0.0

1.2

0.4

− 3.0

0.0

1.8

0.3

− 2.1

        

   More

  

0.4

1.2

0.1

− 4.4

0.1

0.8

0.0

− 0.9

        

   Less

  

0.7

− 0.9

1.6

1.5

0.0

− 0.5

0.8

1.2

        

 Demographic

  Age group

   15–19

− 1.9

0.1

− 2.1

− 13.8

5.0

21.2

− 4.1

3.8

− 1.4

− 4.2

        

   20–24

− 5.0

3.1

− 1.3

13.1

3.1

− 87.2

− 17.1

− 6.7

− 31.4

− 4.0

        

   25–29

2.5

10.2

− 5.7

13.6

13.8

6.6

8.2

35.5

− 10.7

37.5

        

   30–34

0.0

3.0

− 0.7

20.0

− 6.5

− 54.3

− 0.4

− 0.5

4.7

6.1

        

   35–39

− 1.0

− 0.1

1.1

5.9

− 23.1

39.1

− 7.2

17.4

− 5.4

1.7

        

   40–44

2.9

− 2.8

− 1.4

1.4

− 3.4

− 12.6

6.2

− 19.7

− 16.7

0.9

        

   45–49

− 3.3

− 4.7

1.1

− 10.9

21.6

16.9

3.8

− 9.2

39.7

− 8.9

        

   IMR

0.0

− 7.2

− 6.2

− 40.2

− 9.5

253.3

− 2.6

107.1

− 3.3

− 25.1

        

   CMR

0.1

3.6

7.1

35.7

16.9

− 181.9

− 1.3

− 91.2

− 0.5

48.5

        

 Socioeconomic

  SES

   Poorest

  

− 0.1

− 0.3

− 0.2

− 11.2

− 0.1

0.2

0.0

− 3.2

        

   Poorer

  

0.0

0.6

− 0.1

− 4.2

0.0

− 3.8

− 0.1

− 0.3

        

   Middle

  

0.0

− 0.9

− 0.1

7.1

0.1

3.6

− 0.2

0.8

        

   Richer

  

0.0

− 0.3

0.0

5.0

0.0

1.1

0.0

0.6

        

   Richest

  

0.0

0.9

− 0.2

4.0

0.1

− 0.8

0.0

2.3

        

  Religion

                  

   Catholic

− 0.3

2.2

− 0.6

− 5.4

3.2

− 147.1

− 0.1

0.6

− 0.1

0.1

        

   Protestant

      

0.4

− 2.0

0.3

− 1.2

        

   Pentecostal

      

− 0.2

− 4.7

− 0.5

− 1.7

        

   Apostolic

      

0.8

4.2

− 0.1

− 4.2

        

   Muslim

                  

   Other Christian

      

0.1

− 1.2

0.0

− 0.3

        

   Other religion

− 0.1

− 0.3

− 1.5

0.5

− 0.4

− 3.0

0.4

0.2

− 0.1

0.6

        

   None

0.0

− 0.1

− 0.1

0.0

− 1.1

23.7

− 0.2

1.1

0.2

− 1.4

        

  Place of residence

   Rural

0.0

4.1

0.0

− 3.7

0.2

6.1

0.0

5.3

0.0

3.6

        

   Urban

0.0

− 1.8

0.0

2.1

0.2

− 3.2

0.0

− 2.7

0.0

− 1.8

        

   Constant

 

77.8

 

86.2

 

274.1

 

42.9

 

86.6

        
  1. PI postpartum infecundity, HDC husband’s desire for children