Journal of Population Sciences
From: Spatio-temporal variations in unmet need for family planning in Ghana: 2003–2014
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 |
---|---|---|---|
Education level ref = no education) | OR(95% CI) | OR(95% CI) | OR(95% CI) |
Primary education | 1.02(0.91, 1.14) | 1.01(0.90, 1.14) | 1.03(0.91, 1.15) |
Secondary/higher | 0.80(0.72, 0.89)* | 0.88(0.79, 0.99)* | 0.92(0.81, 1.03) |
Wealth status (ref = poor) | |||
Middle | 0.95(0.85, 1.06) | 0.99(0.89, 1.12) | 0.98(0.87, 1.10) |
Rich | 0.68(0.62, 0.76)* | 0.79(0.69, 0.90)* | 0.76(0.66, 0.87)* |
Marital status (ref = never married) | |||
Married/living together | 1.55(1.35, 1.77)* | 1.18(1.00, 1.41)* | 1.14(0.96, 1.37) |
Widowed/divorced/separated | 0.59(0.45, 0.78)* | 0.45(0.34, 0.61)* | 0.45(0.33, 0.61)* |
Work status (ref = working) | |||
Not working | 1.23(1.11, 1.37)* | 1.22(1.09, 1.35)* | 1.25(1.12, 1.39)* |
Age (ref = 15–19) | |||
20–29 | 0.44(0.37, 0.52)* | 0.45(0.38, 0.54)* | |
30–39 | 0.31(0.25, 0.38)* | 0.32(0.26, 0.40)* | |
40–49 | 0.37(0.30, 0.47)* | 0.39(0.31, 0.49)* | |
Religious affiliation (ref = Christianity) | |||
Islam | 1.01(0.89, 1.14) | 1.04(0.91, 1.18) | |
Traditional | 0.94(0.74, 1.18) | 0.93(0.73, 1.18) | |
Other | 0.82(0.64, 1.04) | 0.83(0.65, 1.06) | |
Ethnicity (ref = Akan) | |||
Ga-Dangme | 1.30(1.09, 1.55)* | 1.30(1.09, 1.55)* | |
Ewe | 1.18(1.01, 1.36)* | 1.17(1.01, 1.36)* | |
Mole-Dagbani | 0.83(0.71, 0.96)* | 0.85(0.73, 0.98)* | |
Other | 0.89(0.77, 1.03) | 0.91(0.79, 1.06) | |
Parity (ref = 0) | |||
1–2 | 1.95(1.65, 2.30)* | 1.99(1.68, 2.35)* | |
3–4 | 2.68(2.23, 3.22)* | 2.73(2.27, 3.30)* | |
5+ | 3.87(3.16, 4.75)* | 3.94(3.22, 4.84)* | |
Type of residence (ref = urban) | |||
Rural | 0.94(0.84, 1.05) | 0.91(0.81, 1.01) | |
Year (ref = 2003) | |||
2008 | 1.10(0.97, 1.20) | ||
2014 | 0.82(0.74, 0.90)* | ||
Variance for region | 0.05(0.02, 0.15) | 0.014(0.01, 0.06) | 0.02(0.01, 0.07) |
ICC | 0.015 | 0.004 | 0.006 |
WAIC | 15737.10 | 15482.93 | 15448.81 |
Log-likelihood | − 7923.04 | − 7862.13 | − 7856.64 |