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Journal of Population Sciences

Table 3 Multilevel regressions of country level predictors on childlessness (top table) and number of children (bottom table)

From: Childlessness and low fertility in context: evidence from a multilevel analysis on 20 European countries

 

Childlessness

 

C2a

C2b

C2c

C2d

C2e

Duration of parental leaves

− 0.004***

   

− 0.003***

(0.001)

   

(0.001)

Voluntary part-time

 

0.001***

  

0.001**

 

(0.000)

  

(0.000)

Men working hours

  

0.001

 

0.000

  

(0.003)

 

(0.003)

Gender egalitarian norms

   

− 0.001+

− 0.002***

   

(0.000)

(0.000)

Constant

0.044***

− 0.010

− 0.044

0.059

0.112

(0.007)

(0.006)

(0.122)

(0.031)

(0.124)

var(cy)

0.002***

0.002***

0.002***

0.00235***

0.002***

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

var(Residual)

0.098***

0.098***

0.098***

0.098***

0.098***

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

ICC

0.018

0.022

0.024

0.024

0.016

N

673,488

 

Number of children

 

N2a

N2b

N2c

N2d

N2e

Duration of parental leaves

0.001

   

0.005+

(0.003)

   

(0.003)

Voluntary part-time

 

0.003**

  

0.003*

 

(0.001)

  

(0.001)

Men working hours

  

− 0.010

 

0.018

  

(0.012)

 

(0.012)

Gender egalitarian norms

   

0.009***

0.008***

   

(0.002)

(0.002)

Constant

2.285***

2.241***

2.717***

1.694***

0.899

(0.033)

(0.025)

(0.49)

(0.114)

(0.539)

var(cy)

0.039***

0.036***

0.039***

0.032***

0.030***

(0.003)

(0.002)

(0.003)

(0.002)

(0.002)

var(Residual)

0.676***

0.676***

0.676***

0.676***

0.676***

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

ICC

0.055

0.051

0.054

0.045

0.043

N

578,377

  1. Source: EU-LFS 2005-2010, author’s elaboration. Sing. Levels: +p < 0.1; *p < .05, ** p <.01, ***p < .001. Note: Beta coefficient. Standard errors in parentheses. N country-year: 120. ICC is the Intra Class Correlation. Models are net of level of education, working status and position, and marital status (Complete model available in Appendix Table 10)