Journal of Population Sciences
Table 2 Independent and simultaneous hazard models for the first and the second childbirth. Parameter estimates, significance values and standard errors
From: The nexus between education and fertility in six European countries
First child | Second child | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Simultaneous | Indep. | Simult. | |||||||||
β | sig. | se | β | sig. | se | β | sig. | se | β | sig. | se | |
Education (ref. Medium) | ||||||||||||
Low | 0.21 | *** | (0.015) | 0.44 | *** | (0.023) | 0.12 | *** | (0.021) | 0.26 | *** | (0.027) |
High | − 0.13 | *** | (0.021) | − 0.40 | *** | (0.030) | 0.08 | *** | (0.025) | − 0.06 | * | (0.033) |
Currently student (ref. No) | ||||||||||||
Yes | − 1.02 | *** | (0.029) | − 0.97 | *** | (0.032) | − 0.21 | *** | (0.045) | − 0.42 | *** | (0.055) |
Currently working (ref. No) | ||||||||||||
Yes | − 0.27 | *** | (0.016) | − 0.40 | *** | (0.020) | − 0.25 | *** | (0.021) | − 0.35 | *** | (0.025) |
Birth cohort (ref. 1960–69) | ||||||||||||
1940–49 | 0.05 | ** | (0.018) | 0.08 | *** | (0.027) | − 0.01 | (0.023) | 0.04 | (0.031) | ||
1950–59 | 0.08 | *** | (0.017) | 0.15 | *** | (0.025) | − 0.03 | (0.022) | 0.01 | (0.029) | ||
1970–79 | − 0.17 | *** | (0.019) | − 0.24 | *** | (0.027) | − 0.07 | *** | (0.025) | − 0.20 | *** | (0.033) |
Country (ref. Italy) | ||||||||||||
Bulgaria | 1.08 | *** | (0.020) | 1.70 | *** | (0.032) | 0.06 | ** | (0.030) | 0.42 | *** | (0.040) |
Czech Rep. | 0.80 | *** | (0.030) | 1.26 | *** | (0.044) | 0.20 | *** | (0.042) | 0.50 | *** | (0.055) |
France | 0.37 | *** | (0.025) | 0.60 | *** | (0.034) | 0.41 | *** | (0.030) | 0.64 | *** | (0.040) |
Germany | 0.47 | *** | (0.033) | 0.66 | *** | (0.046) | 0.27 | *** | (0.038) | 0.49 | *** | (0.051) |
Poland | 0.74 | *** | (0.019) | 1.08 | *** | (0.029) | 0.32 | *** | (0.024) | 0.67 | *** | (0.034) |
Mother’s age at first child birth (ref. 25–29) | ||||||||||||
15–24 years | 0.26 | *** | (0.022) | − 0.22 | *** | (0.034) | ||||||
30–34 years | − 0.31 | *** | (0.032) | − 0.07 | * | (0.039) | ||||||
35+ years | − 1.22 | *** | (0.081) | − 0.85 | *** | (0.085) | ||||||
Standard deviation of residual in the fertility equations 0.91*** (0.0198) | ||||||||||||
Number of cases | 24909 | 20910 | ||||||||||