Machine learning approach for predicting under-five mortality determinants in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

Bitew, Fikrewold H.; Nyarko, Samuel H.; Potter, Lloyd; Sparks, Corey S.

doi:10.1186/s41118-020-00106-2

Genus

Journal of Population Sciences

Table 1 Descriptive statistics of child mortality outcome by study characteristics, EDHS 2016 (N = 10,641)

From: Machine learning approach for predicting under-five mortality determinants in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey

Characteristics	Child alive before age 5 Percent/mean	Child dead before age 5 Percent/mean	Chi-square test of equality
Child dead/alive	94.9	5.1
Child sex			p = .0001
Male	95.8	4.2
Female	93.3	6.7
Birth order			p = 0.71
1st or 2nd	94.7	5.3
3rd or higher	94.4	5.6
Birth interval			p = .0001
< 2 years	90.7	9.3
2–4 years	95.5	4.45
> 4 years	95.5	4.53
Mothers age at first birth			p = 0.47
< 20 years	94.3	5.7
> 20 years	94.9	5.1
Age of the mother			p = 0.94
15–19	94.9	5.0
20–34	94.4	5.6
35–49	94.6	5.4
Residence			p = 0.28
Rural	94.4	5.6
Urban	95.7	4.3
Education			p = 0.34
No education	94.1	5.9
Primary	95.1	4.8
Secondary and Higher	95.5	4.5
Wealth index			p = 0.63
Low	94.7	5.3
Middle	94.7	5.3
High	94.1	5.9
Water source			p = 0.51
Unimproved	94.3	5.73
Improved	94.8	5.23
Time to water source	167.4	164.6	p = 0.89*
Toilet facility			p = 0.005
Unimproved	94.2	5.8
Improved	97.1	2.9
Place and mode of delivery services			p = 0.07
Fac with CS delivery	96.1	3.9
Fac without CS delivery	94.1	5.9
Home	94.2	5.8
Contraceptive use			p = 0.23
Yes	95.1	4.9
No	94.2	5.8
Child wanted			p = 0.74
Then	94.6	5.4
Later	94.5	5.5
Not at all	93.6	6.4
Antenatal visits			p = 0.002
No visit	94.4	5.6
1–4 visits	96.7	3.3
5+ visits	97.6	2.4
Postnatal care visits			p = 0.009
No	95.8	4.2
Yes	98.3	1.7
Region			p = 0.43
Oromia	94.2	5.8
Addis Ababa	95.9	4.1
Afar	91.5	8.5
Amhara	94.9	5.1
Ben-Gumuz	94.2	5.8
Dire Dawa	93.7	6.3
Gambella	93.3	6.7
Harari	94.5	5.5
SNNP	93.3	6.7
Somali	96.7	3.3
Tigray	93.8	6.2
Mother’s BMI			p = 0.41
Underweight	93.7	6.3
Normal	94.6	5.4
Overweight	95.4	4.6
Breastfed			p = .0001
Within an hour of birth	95.5	4.5
Greater than an hour of birth	90.2	9.8
Household size	6.1	5.4	p = .0001*

NB all estimates include sample design and person weights, per DHS instructions. *t test was used instead of chi-square. Significant variables are in bold

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