Journal of Population Sciences
Sub-region/country | Handwashing | Isolation capacity | Wealth indexa | Educationb: household head | Residence | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average | Rich | Primary | Secondary+ | Urban vs. rural | |||
Western Africa | |||||||
Benin | 1.12 (0.96–1.30) | 2.00 (1.84–2.18) | 0.81 (0.72–0.90) | 0.61 (0.53–0.71) | 0.42 (0.37–0.47) | 0.30 (0.26–0.34) | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) |
Guinea | 0.82 (0.72–0.94) | 1.59 (1.43–1.77) | 1.40 (1.22–1.59) | 1.50 (1.20–1.87) | 0.52 (0.43–0.63) | 0.54 (0.46–0.62) | 0.75 (0.61–0.92) |
Mali | 1.06 (0.93–1.22) | 1.91 (1.73–2.12) | 0.86 (0.76–0.98) | 0.73 (0.59–0.89) | 0.52 (0.44–0.61) | 0.42 (0.36–0.49) | 1.12 (0.87–1.44) |
Nigeria | 1.10 (1.02–1.18) | 2.26 (2.13–2.39) | 1.04 (0.96–1.14) | 1.21 (1.09–1.36) | 0.35 (0.32–0.38) | 0.10 (0.09–0.11) | 1.10 (1.04–1.25) |
Senegal | 1.16 (1.01–1.34) | 1.08 (0.98–1.18) | 1.04 (0.91–1.91) | 0.88 (0.73–1.05) | 0.57 (0.50–0.65) | 0.45 (0.38–0.52) | 0.89 (0.77–1.04) |
Middle Africa | |||||||
Angola | 0.94 (0.84–1.06) | 2.30 (2.10–2.51) | 0.87 (0.76–0.99) | 1.08 (0.88–1.32) | 0.37 (0.33–0.41) | 0.13 (0.11–0.15) | 0.91 (0.78–1.06) |
Chad | 0.89 (0.71–1.13) | 2.23 (2.05–2.43) | 0.88 (0.79–0.98) | 0.88 (0.79–0.98) | 0.38 (0.33–0.43) | 0.18 (0.15–0.22) | 1.44 (1.24–1.68) |
Eastern Africa | |||||||
Burundi | 1.10 (0.91–1.34) | 3.83 (3.46–4.24) | 0.82 (0.73–0.91) | 0.81 (0.69–0.94) | 0.42 (0.38–0.47) | 0.20 (0.16–0.24) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) |
Ethiopia | 1.10 (0.96–1.26) | 1.86 (1.71–2.03) | 0.97 (0.87–1.09) | 0.91 (0.76–1.08) | 0.19 (0.17–0.22) | 0.09 (1.13–1.66) | 0.09 (1.13–1.66) |
Tanzania | 0.90 (0.81–0.99) | 2.00 (1.81–2.21) | 0.96 (0.85–1.08) | 0.84 (0.70–1.00) | 0.26 (0.23–0.29) | 0.11 (0.09–0.13) | 0.78 (0.67–0.92) |
Uganda | 1.00 (0.91–1.12) | 2.31 (2.11–2.51) | 0.90 (0.80–1.01) | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) | 0.26 (0.24–0.29) | 0.13 (0.12–0.15) | 0.82 (0.69–0.96) |
Rwanda | 1.10 (0.88–1.38) | 2.88 (2.56–3.24) | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) | 0.24 (0.22–0.27) | 0.12 (0.09–0.15) | 0.72 (0.60–0.87) |
Southern Africa | |||||||
Malawi | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 2.22 (2.08–2.38) | 1.25 (1.15–1.36) | 1.77 (1.59–1.97) | 0.37 (0.34–0.40) | 0.12 (0.11–0.14) | 0.5 (0.48–0.61) |
South Africa | 1.15 (1.02–1.31) | 1.43 (1.27–1.61) | 1.72 (1.47–2.02) | 1.72 (1.47–2.02) | 0.32 (0.28–0.38) | 0.06 (0.05–0.07) | 0.52 (0.43–0.64) |
Zambia | 1.22 (1.08–1.28) | 2.24 (2.03–2.47) | 1.20 (1.05–1.37) | 1.10 (0.90–1.36) | 0.43 (0.37–0.49) | 0.20 (0.17–0.23) | 0.83 (0.71–0.96) |
Zimbabwe | 1.06 (0.94–1.20) | 1.70 (1.51–1.91) | 1.47 (1.26–1.70) | 2.22 (1.65–2.99) | 0.30 (0.25–0.36) | 0.05 (0.04–0.06) | 0.40 (0.30–0.53) |