Table 3 Odds ratios and significance from the multinomial logistic regression models dependent variable length of stay (baseline ‘for a long time’)

Age

0.977

1.001

0.939

0.930**

0.916*

0.934

Age squared

1.000

0.999

1.001

1.001*

1.001*

1.001

Years since migration

1.038*

1.068**

1.015

1.034

0.999

1.065

Years since migration squared

0.999

0.999

1.000

0.999

0.999

0.999

Female (ref male)

0.841*

0.772**

Citizenship (ref Senegalese)

 Romanian

1.732**

2.910

1.412

1.647**

1.795

1.536

 Albanian

2.452***

3.658*

2.423***

0.912

1.236

0.808

 Chinese

1.315

1.936

1.423

0.645

0.658

0.619

 Filipino

1.112

1.946

0.880

0.409

0.485

0.315

 Moroccan

3.149***

4.479**

3.113***

1.065

1.168

1.048

 Ukrainian

1.833**

3.147*

0.979

1.215

1.388

0.902

 Tunisian

2.071**

1.942

2.183**

1.130

0.932

1.104

 Polish

1.689*

2.277

2.435

1.612

1.619

2.313

 Other

2.148***

3.382*

1.995***

1.083

1.242

0.999

Degree (ref other)

0.902

0.886

0.947

1.486***

1.192

1.778***

 No children

0.939

0.845

1.063

1.505***

1.102

2.115***

 At least one child abroad

0.958

0.938

0.943

1.636***

1.278

2.162***

Partner (ref partner in Italy)

 Partner abroad

0.858

0.659*

0.896

1.354*

1.658**

1.012

 No partner

0.894

0.881

0.758*

1.016

1.193

0.762

 Unstably or irregularly employed

1.383***

1.094

1.649***

1.117

1.074

1.299

 Non-active

1.419**

1.572***

0.701

1.863***

1.633*

2.376**

 Regular but not resident

0.915

0.854

1.035

1.621***

1.599*

1.656**

 Undocumented

1.256

1.287

1.100

1.602***

1.670*

1.541*

More foreigners than Italians

0.907

0.966

0.921

0.766*

0.794

0.760

Italian and foreigners equally

1.233

1.370

1.227

0.757*

0.647*

0.862

More Italians than foreigners

1.812***

2.115***

1.696**

0.730*

0.713

0.797

Feeling very well in Italy (ref other)

2.244***

2.256***

2.249***

0.792*

0.716*

0.902

Homeownership (ref other)

1.891***

1.991***

1.603***

0.832

0.744

1.034

 Spending all the income

0.956

1.011

0.905

1.029

0.901

1.212

 Difficulty in making ends meet

1.178*

1.152

1.172

1.290**

1.140

1.526**

Remitting (ref never)

 Every month

0.524***

0.511***

0.534***

1.316*

1.141

1.437*

 Sometimes/in case of need

0.689***

0.734**

0.654***

0.985

0.727

1.215

Bank account owner

1.151*

1.184

1.122

0.903

0.849

0.999

 No attachment

3.100***

3.427***

2.837***

1.011

0.709

1.354

 Higher attachment to Italy

4.351***

4.584***

4.345***

0.242***

0.173***

0.349*

 High attachment to both Country

1.595***

1.625***

1.628***

0.397***

0.362***

0.425***

Proficiency in Italian

0.955

0.946

0.980

1.146

1.108

1.122

High degree of approval for the Italian lifestyle

1.251***

0.978

1.543***

0.702***

0.731**

0.693***

Frequent use of Italian at home (ref other)

1.404***

1.600***

1.185

1.253*

1.294*

1.024

Number

6494

3137

3257