Journal of Population Sciences
Table 5 Logistic regression estimates of persistent at risk of poverty individuals and average marginal effects
From: Dynamics of persistent poverty in Italy at the beginning of the crisis
Coef. | Robust std. err. | Sign. | dy/dx | Unconditional std. err. | Sign. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (ref = Male) | ||||||
Female | 0.4797 | 0.0889 | *** | 0.0328 | 0.0052 | *** |
Source of Income (ref = dependent employment) | ||||||
Self-employment | 0.5252 | 0.0698 | *** | 0.0335 | 0.0053 | *** |
Old-age pensions | 0.5015 | 0.1012 | *** | 0.0421 | 0.0080 | *** |
Other income sources | 1.2550 | 0.1285 | *** | 0.0987 | 0.0115 | *** |
Year (ref = 2004–2007) | ||||||
2005–2008 | −0.3810 | 0.1163 | ** | −0.0201 | 0.0052 | *** |
2006–2009 | −0.3391 | 0.1139 | ** | −0.0139 | 0.0051 | ** |
2007–2010 | −0.4215 | 0.1193 | *** | −0.0258 | 0.0052 | *** |
Region (ref = North) | ||||||
Centre | 0.4368 | 0.1230 | *** | 0.0320 | 0.0044 | *** |
South | 1.3135 | 0.0954 | *** | 0.1286 | 0.0043 | *** |
Age (ref = <35 years old) | ||||||
35–44 | −0.6359 | 0.0773 | *** | −0.0521 | 0.0066 | *** |
45–54 | −0.3151 | 0.0798 | *** | −0.0277 | 0.0072 | *** |
55–64 | −0.3214 | 0.1036 | ** | −0.0282 | 0.0091 | ** |
65+ | −0.0711 | 0.1531 | −0.0066 | 0.0141 | ||
Educational level (ref = up to lower secondary) | ||||||
Secondary | −0.9325 | 0.0577 | *** | −0.0764 | 0.0044 | *** |
University degree or higher | −2.2765 | 0.1588 | *** | −0.1323 | 0.0049 | *** |
Partner’s educational level (ref = no partner) | ||||||
Up to lower secondary | −0.0909 | 0.0682 | −0.0082 | 0.0062 | ||
Secondary | −0.6197 | 0.0886 | *** | −0.0492 | 0.0069 | *** |
University degree or higher | −1.2214 | 0.1439 | *** | −0.0835 | 0.0081 | *** |
Household composition | ||||||
No. of earners | −1.7748 | 0.1106 | *** | −0.1475 | 0.0092 | *** |
No. of earners2 | 0.1691 | 0.0250 | *** | 0.0141 | 0.0021 | *** |
No. of children | 0.6897 | 0.0703 | * | 0.0573 | 0.0058 | *** |
No. of children2 | −0.0071 | 0.0191 | −0.0006 | 0.0016 | ||
No. of elder | 0.0125 | 0.1682 | 0.0010 | 0.0140 | ||
No. of elder2 | 0.1132 | 0.0644 | 0.0094 | 0.0054 | ||
Change in no. of earners | ||||||
Gained only | −0.2324 | 0.0616 | *** | −0.0166 | 0.0043 | *** |
Lost only | 1.2421 | 0.0833 | *** | 0.1227 | 0.0094 | *** |
Gained and lost | 0.8210 | 0.0679 | *** | 0.0747 | 0.0068 | *** |
Other household changes | ||||||
Change in household size (ref = no) | −0.3946 | 0.0803 | *** | −0.0310 | 0.0059 | *** |
New birth (ref = no) | 0.4166 | 0.1359 | ** | 0.0377 | 0.0133 | ** |
New household (ref = no) | −0.2356 | 0.1774 | −0.0186 | 0.0132 | ||
Change in main earner (ref = no) | 0.2356 | 0.0592 | *** | 0.0201 | 0.0052 | *** |
Sex and source of income | ||||||
Female, self-employment | −0.3494 | 0.1485 | * | |||
Female, old-age pensions | 0.0257 | 0.1168 | ||||
Female, other income sources | −0.6693 | 0.2024 | ** | |||
Year and region | ||||||
2005–2008, Centre | −0.1307 | 0.1819 | ||||
2006–2009, Centre | 0.2806 | 0.1421 | * | |||
2007–2010, Centre | 0.1141 | 0.1800 | ||||
2005–2008, South | 0.2808 | 0.1384 | * | |||
2006–2009, South | 0.2463 | 0.1835 | ||||
2007–2010, South | 0.1348 | 0.1446 | ||||
Constant | −0.5364 | 0.1490 | *** | |||
Nr. of observations | 40,339 | |||||
Pseudo R 2 | 0.293 | |||||
Log pseudolikelihood | −11,018.5 | |||||