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Journal of Population Sciences

Table 3 Gender gap in the exclusion from home ownership (homeowners versus tenant or rent-free) by country of residence. Results of a multinomial regression model expressed in relative risk ratios (RRR)

From: Home bitter home? Gender, living arrangements, and the exclusion from homeownership among older Europeans

Country

Gender gap in homeownership (RRR)

Tenant

Rent-free

Initial

Controlling for hh type

Controlling for all

Initial

Controlling for hh type

Controlling for all

Austria

1.27**

1.04

0.94

1.53***

1.41***

1.10

Germany

1.12

0.96

0.94

1.19

1.08

1.02

Sweden

1.43**

1.08

1.06

1.35*

1.15

1.09

Netherlands

1.47***

1.31**

1.10

1.38

1.10

0.87

Spain

0.81

0.77

0.76

1.12

0.98

0.90

Italy

1.40**

1.28*

1.14

1.00

0.88

0.82

France

1.23**

1.05

0.91

1.55**

1.35

1.29

Denmark

1.53***

1.27*

1.19

2.33***

1.86**

1.73*

Switzerland

1.41***

1.19*

1.08

1.22

1.09

0.84

Belgium

1.21*

1.03

0.98

1.19

1.07

1.04

Czech Republic

1.15

1.07

1.05

1.26**

1.13

1.10

Poland

1.41*

1.34

1.34

1.52**

1.44*

1.21

Hungary

1.93**

1.82**

1.47

1.67***

1.61**

1.31

Portugal

1.44**

1.25

0.97

3.29***

3.57***

2.09**

Slovenia

0.80

0.72

0.70

1.34*

1.22

1.16

Estonia

0.91

0.72*

0.80

1.07

0.90

0.89

  1. Note: results are controlled for variables included in Tables 1 and 2
  2. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001