Journal of Population Sciences
Covariates | 2003 | 2008 | 2013 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ever-married | Single | All | Ever-married | Single | All | Ever-married | Single | All | |
Total | 66.4 | 50.4 | 62.4 | 48.8 | 34.9 | 45.7 | 39.1 | 30.6 | 37.1 |
Age | |||||||||
15–24 | 73.7 | 59.0 | 65.3 | 57.4 | 45.5 | 51.1 | 46.5 | 38.2 | 41.9 |
25–34 | 66.2 | 39.2 | 63.5 | 49.8 | 35.0 | 48.2 | 40.5 | 30.2 | 39.3 |
35 years and above | 64.0 | 37.5 | 63.7 | 48.7 | 38.6 | 48.5 | 37.4 | 28.8 | 37.3 |
χ 2 = test | 37.1*** | 35.8*** | 2.3 | 122.9*** | 45.3*** | 23.1*** | 143.0*** | 39.3*** | 59.3*** |
Spousal age difference | |||||||||
Less than 5 years | 62.2 | NA | 62.2 | 45.5 | NA | 45.5 | 37.4 | NA | 37.4 |
5–9 years | 65.8 | 65.8 | 49.3 | 49.3 | 40.9 | 40.9 | |||
10–14 years | 69.8 | 69.8 | 53.4 | 53.4 | 41.1 | 41.1 | |||
15 years and above | 71.4 | 71.4 | 55.2 | 55.2 | 43.0 | 43.0 | |||
χ 2 = test | 24.2*** | 24.2*** | 112.5*** | 112.5*** | 38.1*** | 38.1*** | |||
Highest level of education | |||||||||
None | 76.6 | 66.7 | 76.1 | 58.1 | 54.9 | 58.0 | 47.5 | 40.1 | 47.2 |
Primary | 66.2 | 65.4 | 66.0 | 53.7 | 56.2 | 54.0 | 42.1 | 47.7 | 42.8 |
Secondary | 52.5 | 56.7 | 54.8 | 40.1 | 44.4 | 42.3 | 33.7 | 38.1 | 35.7 |
Post-secondary | 35.1 | 31.7 | 33.7 | 23.6 | 24.9 | 24.1 | 19.5 | 22.5 | 20.7 |
χ 2 = test | 358.1*** | 69.2*** | 481.7*** | 1000.0*** | 236.1*** | 1300.0*** | 837.9*** | 181.3*** | 1000.0*** |
Religious affiliation | |||||||||
Catholic | 53.8 | 51.6 | 52.8 | 49.8 | 50.9 | 50.2 | 44.4 | 43.5 | 44.0 |
Other Christians | 55.7 | 54.7 | 55.3 | 42.5 | 41.3 | 42.0 | 34.2 | 36.3 | 35.0 |
Muslim | 76.0 | 66.7 | 74.8 | 56.2 | 46.3 | 55.1 | 43.7 | 33.3 | 42.3 |
Others | 67.8 | 52.9 | 65.9 | 63.7 | 42.4 | 61.3 | 52.3 | 54.4 | 52.6 |
χ 2 = test | 262.8*** | 26.1*** | 337.5*** | 444.3*** | 43.9*** | 539.7*** | 277.5*** | 55.6*** | 268.1*** |
Wealth quintile | |||||||||
First | 76.2 | 64.2 | 74.2 | 59.4 | 57.1 | 59.2 | 51.1 | 44.7 | 50.6 |
Second | 75.5 | 63.5 | 73.1 | 57.8 | 55.1 | 57.4 | 49.7 | 48.9 | 49.5 |
Third | 68.6 | 61.4 | 66.6 | 54.5 | 52.5 | 54.0 | 43.8 | 47.7 | 44.9 |
Fourth | 65.8 | 58.7 | 63.5 | 45.7 | 44.3 | 45.2 | 33.6 | 35.1 | 34.1 |
Fifth | 47.5 | 46.4 | 47.0 | 29.1 | 27.8 | 28.6 | 21.8 | 24.4 | 22.7 |
χ 2 = test | 262.8*** | 44.1*** | 333.4*** | 1100.0*** | 398.5*** | 1600.0*** | 1400.0*** | 408.1*** | 1800.0*** |
Type of marital union | |||||||||
Monogamous | 64.0 | NA | 64.0 | 47.8 | NA | 47.8 | 38.5 | NA | 38.5 |
Polygamous | 74.0 | 74.0 | 57.6 | 57.6 | 45.3 | 45.3 | |||
χ 2 = test | 53.8*** | 53.8*** | 206.0*** | 206.0*** | 118.7*** | 118.7*** | |||
Number of living children | |||||||||
None | 69.0 | 56.6 | 59.7 | 52.7 | 43.5 | 45.8 | 42.0 | 36.5 | 37.8 |
1–2 children | 67.8 | 55.4 | 67.1 | 49.8 | 49.9 | 49.8 | 39.5 | 41.0 | 39.6 |
3–4 children | 66.2 | 100.0+ | 66.3 | 49.6 | 50.0 | 49.6 | 39.5 | 48.2 | 39.5 |
5 children and above | 66.8 | 0.0+ | 66.8 | 53.6 | 75.0 | 53.7 | 42.4 | 40.0 | 42.4 |
χ 2 = test | 2.0 | 2.9 | 37.3*** | 33.9*** | 11.6*** | 104.6*** | 22.9*** | 6.9 | 43.9*** |
Women’s autonomy (decision-making process) | |||||||||
Participated or involved | 60.6 | 47.8 | 58.4 | 49.2 | NA | 49.2 | 35.9 | NA | 35.9 |
Not participated or involved | 74.1 | 60.0 | 69.0 | 53.6 | 49.6 | 45.3 | 41.8 | ||
χ 2 = test | 75.1*** | 25.6*** | 48.6*** | 51.4*** | 0.5 | 264.5*** | 135.0*** | ||
Place of residence | |||||||||
Urban | 61.2 | 55.4 | 59.3 | 40.0 | 34.4 | 38.1 | 30.3 | 31.0 | 30.5 |
Rural | 70.8 | 57.7 | 67.7 | 55.4 | 51.1 | 54.6 | 46.2 | 43.7 | 45.7 |
χ 2 = test | 54.0*** | 1.0 | 55.9*** | 486.8*** | 223.6*** | 777.7*** | 700.3*** | 168.8*** | 901.8*** |
Geopolitical zone | |||||||||
North-Central | 54.2 | 56.5 | 54.8 | 49.3 | 44.1 | 48.0 | 36.9 | 35.7 | 36.6 |
Northeast | 92.7 | 88.5 | 92.1 | 54.1 | 56.7 | 54.4 | 61.8 | 51.2 | 60.1 |
Northwest | 76.1 | 65.7 | 75.1 | 61.8 | 46.0 | 60.7 | 38.4 | 28.3 | 37.3 |
Southeast | 32.7 | 42.1 | 37.2 | 51.3 | 48.7 | 50.2 | 43.1 | 41.8 | 42.6 |
South-South | 62.6 | 62.9 | 62.7 | 45.9 | 48.1 | 46.8 | 36.5 | 39.7 | 37.7 |
Southwest | 50.7 | 50.3 | 50.6 | 31.9 | 27.8 | 30.5 | 22.2 | 26.3 | 23.4 |
χ 2 = test | 879.4*** | 146.6*** | 1100.0*** | 865.0*** | 258.9*** | 1200.0*** | 1700.0*** | 240.2*** | 1900.0*** |
Region of residence | |||||||||
Northern | 76.1 | 67.7 | 74.8 | 55.9 | 47.9 | 54.7 | 45.0 | 37.8 | 43.8 |
Southern | 48.6 | 50.9 | 49.6 | 41.8 | 41.5 | 41.7 | 32.6 | 36.3 | 33.9 |
χ 2 = test | 414.7*** | 53.7*** | 510.4*** | 449.1*** | 31.3*** | 542.6*** | 430.6*** | 2.5 | 387.5*** |
Ethnic affiliation | |||||||||
Hausa/Fulani | 80.0 | 75.9 | 79.7 | 61.2 | 53.4 | 60.8 | 44.7 | 33.2 | 43.5 |
Igbo | 37.4 | 44.8 | 40.8 | 46.1 | 44.9 | 45.6 | 38.6 | 38.9 | 38.7 |
Yoruba | 44.4 | 48.1 | 46.0 | 31.6 | 29.5 | 30.9 | 20.3 | 24.1 | 21.5 |
Northern minorities | 74.7 | 68.1 | 73.1 | 57.2 | 56.4 | 57.1 | 48.2 | 44.5 | 47.3 |
Southern minorities | 64.9 | 61.2 | 63.2 | 43.7 | 45.8 | 44.5 | 36.2 | 38.9 | 37.2 |
Others including foreigners | 71.7 | 66.3 | 69.9 | 49.0 | 47.8 | 48.7 | 46.0 | 51.8 | 47.5 |
χ 2 = test | 643.3*** | 101.4*** | 781.5*** | 938.1*** | 194.7*** | 1200.0*** | 955.2*** | 212.0*** | 1100.0*** |
Frequency of listening to radio | |||||||||
Never or less than once a week | 70.9 | 62.3 | 68.8 | 54.9 | 47.9 | 53.6 | 45.0 | 40.8 | 44.1 |
At least once a week | 64.3 | 53.3 | 61.0 | 46.9 | 41.4 | 45.3 | 32.8 | 32.1 | 32.6 |
χ 2 = test | 27.0*** | 15.9*** | 49.7*** | 158.7*** | 33.1*** | 226.2*** | 416.3*** | 79.3*** | 509.1*** |
Frequency of watching television | |||||||||
Never or less than once a week | 71.1 | 59.6 | 68.8 | 56.1 | 50.6 | 55.2 | 44.8 | 40.8 | 44.0 |
At least once a week | 57.1 | 53.8 | 55.8 | 39.1 | 38.6 | 38.9 | 31.2 | 33.1 | 31.9 |
χ 2 = test | 98.4*** | 7.1*** | 127.2*** | 602.5*** | 115.3*** | 807.3*** | 470.5*** | 62.2*** | 546.9*** |
Frequency of reading newspaper or magazine | |||||||||
Never or less than once a week | 69.1 | 59.1 | 66.6 | 52.8 | 46.7 | 51.5 | 41.5 | 38.1 | 40.7 |
At least once a week | 46.5 | 48.2 | 47.4 | 28.2 | 33.4 | 30.8 | 27.1 | 30.8 | 28.8 |
χ 2 = test | 94.6*** | 17.5*** | 130.6*** | 393.7*** | 95.0*** | 529.7*** | 161.0*** | 31.8*** | 198.9*** |