| |
Men
|
Women
|
|---|
|
Italy
|
France
|
Italy
|
France
|
|---|
|
Age
|
22.603***
|
−17.317
|
5.89
|
8.401
|
|
6.935
|
18.738
|
6.768
|
20.962
|
|
Age squared
|
−0.367***
|
0.421
|
−0.032
|
−0.062
|
|
0.133
|
0.373
|
0.133
|
0.437
|
|
Education = high (ref = low)
|
23.046**
|
18.506
|
−14.168
|
−10.858
|
|
10.561
|
19.766
|
9.732
|
17.268
|
|
Medium (ref = low)
|
2.461
|
16.213
|
−2.84
|
−26.778**
|
|
6.024
|
15.422
|
6.028
|
13.371
|
|
Student (ref = employed)
|
26.393***
|
24.845
|
11.112*
|
18.397
|
|
7.883
|
17.788
|
6.324
|
16.746
|
|
Unemployed/ OLF (ref = employed)
|
49.855***
|
74.081***
|
90.509***
|
99.769***
|
|
7.484
|
19.476
|
6.6
|
18.149
|
|
Number of children <18
|
10.659*
|
−8.312
|
4.626
|
0.397
|
|
6.261
|
8.154
|
5.568
|
6.863
|
|
Number of young adults
|
−5.528
|
−10.047
|
4.591
|
−12.167*
|
|
4.715
|
9.188
|
4.152
|
7.058
|
|
Male siblings
|
2.163
|
−3.192
| | |
|
6.678
|
15.602
| | |
|
Female siblings
| | |
−10.365*
|
−22.252*
|
| | |
5.86
|
13.414
|
|
Mother in employment
|
11.246*
|
20.849
|
15.736***
|
10.567
|
|
5.945
|
16.57
|
5.333
|
14.378
|
|
Mother’s education= medium (ref = low)
|
−9.887
|
12.13
|
−18.146***
|
−21.994
|
|
7.656
|
20.97
|
6.849
|
20.771
|
|
Mother's education = high (ref = low)
|
−2.176
|
−20.272
|
−57.539***
|
−28.479*
|
|
12.568
|
20.624
|
11.473
|
17.058
|
|
Sunday (ref=weekday)
|
−3.746
|
−5.355
|
−6.472
|
31.849**
|
|
6.608
|
17.948
|
5.965
|
16.006
|
|
Saturday
|
40.857***
|
4.033
|
39.225***
|
48.094***
|
|
6.346
|
17.646
|
5.899
|
14.997
|
|
Paid domestic help
|
7.593
|
6.193
|
17.416
|
1.646
|
|
14.903
|
27.066
|
14.531
|
25.52
|
|
Big city (ref = rural)
|
−4.456
|
−20.533
|
−9.712
|
−25.552**
|
|
7.568
|
14.337
|
6.984
|
12.831
|
|
Small city
|
−16.860***
|
−17.901
|
−7.512
|
−12.264
|
|
6.3
|
21.074
|
5.805
|
19.412
|
|
Number of rooms
|
5.356***
|
5.895
|
0.478
|
−5.082
|
|
1.841
|
6.085
|
1.64
|
5.226
|
|
Garden
|
9.637*
|
12.551
|
−3.491
|
8.739
|
|
5.696
|
16.052
|
5.294
|
14.264
|
|
Constant
|
−408.601***
|
123.199
|
−65.773
|
−29.826
|
|
89.556
|
232.192
|
83.703
|
249.743
|
|
Observations
|
2,965
|
595
|
2,539
|
500
|
- French (1999) and Italian (2003) time-use surveys
- Standard errors in italics
- *Significant at 10%; **significant at 5%; ***significant at 1%
- Estimates by gender and by country (Tobit model)
