| |
Italy
|
France
|
|---|
|
Ref = no child no young adult
|
Couple
|
Mother
|
Father
|
Couple
|
Mother
|
Father
|
|---|
|
1 young adult
|
23.82***
|
28.79***
|
−4,97
|
21,75
|
20.72**
|
1,03
|
|
(5.81)
|
(4.14)
|
(3.49)
|
(14.56)
|
(9.54)
|
(9.47)
|
|
1child <18
|
66.36***
|
51.87***
|
14.49***
|
65.63***
|
35.86***
|
29.77**
|
|
(9.01)
|
(6.42)
|
(5.41)
|
(18.88)
|
(12.36)
|
(12.28)
|
|
2 young adults
|
45.00***
|
43.44***
|
1,56
|
19,22
|
13,4
|
5,81
|
|
(6.54)
|
(4.66)
|
(3.92)
|
(20.48)
|
(13.41)
|
(13.32)
|
|
2 = 1 child + 1 young adult
|
66.17***
|
59.38***
|
6,79
|
71.36***
|
44.78***
|
26.58**
|
|
(8.16)
|
(5.81)
|
(4.90)
|
(20.62)
|
(13.50)
|
(13.41)
|
|
2 children
|
119.68***
|
88.28***
|
31.40***
|
84.82***
|
78.34***
|
6,48
|
|
(9.06)
|
(6.46)
|
(5.44)
|
(22.33)
|
(14.62)
|
(14.52)
|
|
≥3 young adults
|
38.79***
|
55.43***
|
−16.64**
|
97.17**
|
87.42***
|
9,74
|
|
(13.97)
|
(9.95)
|
(8.38)
|
(44.69)
|
(29.26)
|
(29.06)
|
|
≥3 at least 1 child 1 young adult
|
73.10***
|
79.96***
|
−6,86
|
89.86***
|
83.33***
|
6,53
|
|
(9.61)
|
(6.84)
|
(5.77)
|
(21.06)
|
(13.79)
|
13.70
|
|
≥3 children
|
152.82***
|
113.53***
|
39.29***
|
157.69***
|
127.20***
|
30,49
|
|
(16.67)
|
(11.87)
|
(10.00)
|
(30.30)
|
(19.84)
|
(19.70)
|
|
Constant
|
318.32***
|
219.20***
|
99.13***
|
192.87***
|
135.97***
|
56,9
|
|
(28.08)
|
(20.01)
|
(16.854)
|
(71.01)
|
(46.0)
|
(46.17)
|
|
Observations
|
11766
|
11766
|
11766
|
2258
|
2258
|
2258
|
|
R-squared
|
0,139
|
0,176
|
0,119
|
0,165
|
0,209
|
0,144
|
- French (1999) and Italian (2003) time-use surveys
- Controlled by women’s age, men’s age, couple employment status, couple educational level, number of rooms, presence of a garden, access to domestic services, town size, day of interview
- *Significant at 10%, **significant at 5%, ***significant at 1%
