Journal of Population Sciences
Table 1 Sample characteristics (percentages or means) according to the type of couple
From: The involvement in childcare of married and cohabiting fathers: evidence from Italy
Direct marriage | Marriage with pre-marital cohabitation | Cohabitation | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Children in the household | ||||
One child | 38.0 | 42.8 | 52.5 | 40.0 |
Two or more children | 62.0 | 57.2 | 47.5 | 60.0 |
Age of the child | ||||
0 | 22.4 | 24.3 | 26.5 | 23.1 |
1 | 24.8 | 24.6 | 30.4 | 25.3 |
2 | 26.5 | 26.5 | 24.3 | 26.3 |
3 | 26.3 | 24.6 | 18.8 | 25.3 |
Gender of the child | ||||
Female | 46.8 | 47.4 | 51.8 | 47.4 |
Male | 53.2 | 52.6 | 48.2 | 52.6 |
Duration of the union in years (mean)*** | 9.13 | 8.61 | 5.59 | 8.74 |
Highest educational level of parents | ||||
High | 22.2 | 30.9 | 21.0 | 23.4 |
Medium | 53.2 | 46.1 | 50.7 | 52.0 |
Low | 24.6 | 23.0 | 28.3 | 24.6 |
Parental employment | ||||
Employed father and non-employed mother | 46.1 | 37.5 | 35.9 | 43.9 |
Employed father, full-time employed mother | 24.1 | 28.3 | 31.5 | 25.4 |
Employed father, part-time employed mother | 22.7 | 27.2 | 25.0 | 23.6 |
Other | 7.1 | 7.0 | 7.6 | 7.1 |
Father’s age (mean) | 36.81 | 36.61 | 36.17 | 33.21 |
Grandparents involved in childcare | ||||
Yes | 59.7 | 58.1 | 59.8 | 59.5 |
No | 40.3 | 41.9 | 40.2 | 40.5 |
Childcare by a babysitter | ||||
Yes | 6.2 | 8.6 | 6.5 | 6.6 |
No | 93.8 | 91.4 | 93.5 | 93.4 |
Child goes to crèche | ||||
Yes | 32.1 | 36.6 | 34.4 | 32.9 |
No | 67.9 | 63.4 | 65.6 | 67.1 |
Household economic resources** | ||||
Sufficient | 69.1 | 66.7 | 62.3 | 68.1 |
Poor or insufficient | 30.9 | 33.3 | 37.7 | 31.9 |
Area of residence*** | ||||
North | 36.6 | 53.3 | 60.1 | 41.2 |
Centre | 17.6 | 22.2 | 15.6 | 18.1 |
South | 45.8 | 24.5 | 24.3 | 41.7 |
Year of the survey | ||||
2003 | 56.8 | 45.4 | 39.1 | 53.5 |
2009 | 43.2 | 54.6 | 60.9 | 46.5 |
N | 2361 | 456 | 276 | 3093 |