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Journal of Population Sciences

Table 3 Odds ratios of the association of unintended births with religion, region of residence, and other covariates among women in Nigeria (NDHS 2018)

From: Relationship between Religion and Unintended Childbearing in Nigeria: A Cross-Regional Perspective

Explanatory factors

Model I (SE)

Model II (SE)

Model III (SE)

Model IV (SE)

Religious affiliation

 Catholic

0.65 (0.068)***

0.60 (0.065)***

0.60 (0.067)***

0.92 (0.227)

 Other Christians

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Muslims

0.24 (0.021) ***

0.56 (0.061)***

0.52 (0.059)***

0.36 (0.088)***

Region of residence

 North-central

 

Ref

Ref

Ref

 North-east

 

0.84 (0.136)

0.76 (0.127)

0.47 (0.091)***

 North-west

 

0.61 (0.101)***

0.54 (0.089)***

0.37 (0.153)***

 South-east/south-south

 

1.89 (0.239)***

1.78 (0.242)***

1.72 (0.266)***

 South-west

 

1.14 (0.175)

1.19 (0.183)

1.03 (0.192)

Women’s age

 15–24 years

 

Ref

Ref

Ref

 25–34 years

 

0.72 (0.059)***

0.51 (0.048)***

0.52 (0.048)***

 35 years and above

 

1.22 (0.105)**

0.57 (0.066)***

0.57 (0.067)***

Women’s education

 None

 

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Primary

 

1.72 (0.211)***

1.68 (0.213)***

1.66 (0.212)***

 Secondary

 

1.99 (0.234)***

2.29 (0.272)***

2.27 (0.281)***

 Post-secondary

 

1.29 (0.224)**

2.12 (0.375)***

2.11 (0.379)***

Place of residence

 Urban

 

1.02 (0.096)

0.97 (0.096)

0.99(0.098)

 Rural

 

Ref

Ref

Ref

Household wealth quintile

 First quintile

 

0.92 (0.122)

0.89 (0.121)

0.89 (0.121)

 Second quintile

 

0.88 (0.092)

0.82 (0.089)

0.82 (0.089)

 Third quintile

 

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Fourth quintile

 

1.10 (0.111)

1.17 (0.123)

1.17 (0.124)

 Fifth quintile

 

0.73 (0.097)*

0.89 (0.123)

0.90 (0.126)

Type of marital union

 Never married

  

11.08 (2.131)**

11.74 (2.346)***

 Monogamous

  

Ref

Ref

 Polygamous

  

1.49 (0.127)***

1.49 (0.127)***

 Previously married or separated

  

2.10 (0.451)***

2.10 (0.451)***

Employment status

 Working

  

0.84 (0.068)*

0.83 (0.068)*

 Not working

  

Ref

Ref

Women’s participation in their own health decision-making

 Participated in her own health decision-making

  

0.99 (0.079)

0.99 (0.080)

 Not involved in her own health decision-making

  

Ref

Ref

Head of household sex

 Male

  

0.87 (0.091)

0.89 (0.093)

 Female

  

Ref

Ref

Mass media exposure to family planning message

 No exposure

  

0.81 (0.070)*

0.81 (0.069)*

 Exposed to one mass media source

  

Ref

Ref

 Exposed to two mass media sources

  

0.87 (0.117)

0.86 (0.115)

 Exposed to three mass media sources

  

0.40 (0.097)***

0.40 (0.098)***

Number of living children

 None

  

0.87 (0.291)

0.88 (0.293)

 1–2 children

  

Ref

Ref

 3–4 children

  

1.79 (0.162)***

1.79 (0.162)***

 5 children and above

  

4.10 (0.472)***

4.14 (0.473)***

Religious affiliation × region of residence

 North-east × Catholic

   

0.73 (0.409)

 North-east × Muslim

   

2.45 (0.779)***

 North-west × Catholic

   

1.95 (1.315)

 North-west × Muslim

   

1.99 (0.915)

 South-east-South-south × Catholic

   

0.52 (0.147)*

 South-east-South-south × Muslim

   

1.57 (0.837)

 South-west × Catholic

   

0.55 (0.346)

 South-west × Muslim

   

1.67 (0.533)

Constant

0.31 (0.017)***

0.15 (0.025) ***

0.14 (0.031)***

0.15 (0.037)***

Adjusted Wald test (Prob > F)

 

22.50 (0.000)

20.73 (0.000)

0.11 (0.738)

Number of cases

12,999

12,999

12,999

12,999

  1. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001