Journal of Population Sciences
Variables | Odds ratio | Lower 95 % CI | Upper 95% CI | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Intercept) | 0.033 | 0.006 | 0.193 | 0.0001 |
Mothers age first birth (Ref: < 20) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 > 20 | 0.600 | 0.353 | 1.018 | 0.059 |
Sex (Ref: female) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male | 2.018 | 1.398 | 2.913 | 0.0001 |
Birth order (Ref: 1st/2nd) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 3rd or higher | 2.129 | 1.131 | 4.008 | 0.020 |
Birth interval (Ref: < 2) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 2–4 years | 0.527 | 0.309 | 0.898 | 0.019 |
 > 4 years | 0.385 | 0.190 | 0.779 | 0.008 |
Time to water source | 1.000 | 0.999 | 1.000 | 0.244 |
Water source (Ref: unimproved) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Improved | 0.585 | 0.348 | 0.985 | 0.044 |
Toilet facility (Ref: improved) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Unimproved | 1.713 | 0.744 | 3.943 | 0.206 |
Births in last 5 years | 1.163 | 0.744 | 1.816 | 0.508 |
Residence (Ref: rural) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Urban | 0.527 | 0.181 | 1.541 | 0.243 |
Mother’s education (Ref: no education) |  |  |  |  |
 Primary | 0.928 | 0.513 | 1.680 | 0.805 |
 Secondary/higher | 1.856 | 0.480 | 7.178 | 0.370 |
Wealth index (Ref: low) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Middle | 1.342 | 0.698 | 2.581 | 0.378 |
 High | 1.694 | 0.937 | 3.064 | 0.082 |
Contraceptive use (Ref: using) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Not using | 1.174 | 0.735 | 1.876 | 0.502 |
Region | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Addis Ababa | 1.124 | 0.485 | 2.605 | 0.786 |
 Afar | 0.573 | 0.228 | 1.435 | 0.235 |
 Amhara | 0.885 | 0.354 | 2.211 | 0.794 |
 Ben-Gumuz | 1.494 | 0.587 | 3.803 | 0.400 |
 Dire Dawa | 1.021 | 0.408 | 2.554 | 0.965 |
 Gambella | 0.623 | 0.243 | 1.597 | 0.325 |
 Harari | 1.175 | 0.495 | 2.790 | 0.715 |
 SNNP | 1.221 | 0.376 | 3.960 | 0.740 |
 Somali | 1.504 | 0.287 | 7.881 | 0.629 |
 Tigray | 1.733 | 0.519 | 5.787 | 0.372 |
Mother’s BMI (Ref: normal) |  |  |  |  |
 Overweight | 0.527 | 0.170 | 1.640 | 0.269 |
 Underweight | 1.402 | 0.868 | 2.264 | 0.168 |
Place of delivery (Ref: fac with CS delivery) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Facility without CS delivery | 2.850 | 1.182 | 6.869 | 0.020 |
 Home | 1.185 | 0.617 | 2.275 | 0.610 |
Antenatal visits (Ref: no visit) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 1–4 visits | 0.616 | 0.381 | 0.995 | 0.048 |
 5+ visits | 0.437 | 0.208 | 0.917 | 0.029 |
Postnatal care (Ref: no) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Yes | 0.264 | 0.080 | 0.872 | 0.029 |
Child wanted (Ref: wanted then) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Wanted later | 0.768 | 0.369 | 1.599 | 0.482 |
 Not at all | 1.407 | 0.749 | 2.642 | 0.289 |
Breastfeeding (Ref: > an hour of birth) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Within 1 h of birth | 0.242 | 0.147 | 0.398 | 0.0001 |
vHousehold size | 0.498 | 0.345 | 0.719 | 0.0001 |