Journal of Population Sciences
Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 | Model 10 | Model 11 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Explanatory variables | Coeff. | Coeff. | Coeff. | Coeff. | Coeff. |
Gender (ref. male) | |||||
Female | 0.183** | 0.149 | 0.109 | 0.107 | 0.109 |
Age (ref. 25–29) | |||||
18–24 | − 0.084 | − 0.066 | − 0.077 | − 0.039 | − 0.036 |
30–34 | − 0.007 | − 0.003 | 0.009 | 0.001 | − 0.001 |
Education (ref. tertiary) | |||||
Upper secondary | 0.211** | 0.214** | 0.232** | 0.203** | 0.204** |
< Upper secondary | − 0.039 | − 0.014 | 0.016 | 0.003 | 0.003 |
Occupational status (ref. self-employed) | |||||
Neither student nor employed (NEET) | 0.190 | 0.166 | 0.056 | 0.329 | 0.329 |
Student | 0.073 | 0.071 | 0.009 | 0.544** | 0.539** |
Permanent employee | 0.081 | 0.105 | 0.073 | 0.324 | 0.331 |
Temporary worker | 0.280* | 0.269 | 0.219 | 0.572** | 0.569** |
Country of residence (ref: Italy) | |||||
UK | − 0.202 | − 0.203 | 0.601 | 0.653 | |
Germany | − 0.708*** | − 0.656*** | − 0.040 | 0.018 | |
France | − 0.920*** | − 0.883*** | 0.433 | 0.462 | |
Spain | − 0.115 | − 0.107 | 0.426 | 0.423 | |
Perceived future job/income conditions (ref: positive or neutral for me and my family) | |||||
Negative for my family but not for me | − 0.086 | 0.104 | 0.105 | ||
Negative for me only | 0.257* | 0.496* | 0.496* | ||
Negative for me and my family | 0.282** | 0.649*** | 0.649*** | ||
Perceived future job/income conditions × country | |||||
Negative for my family but not for me × UK | − 0.361 | − 0.368 | |||
Negative for my family but not for me × Germany | − 0.207 | − 0.212 | |||
Negative for my family but not for me × France | − 0.468 | − 0.475 | |||
Negative for my family but not for me × Spain | − 0.203 | − 0.211 | |||
Negative for me only × UK | 0.696 | 0.696 | |||
Negative for me only × Germany | − 1.386*** | − 1.384*** | |||
Negative for me only × France | − 0.345 | − 0.342 | |||
Negative for me only × Spain | − 0.161 | − 0.154 | |||
Negative for me and my family × UK | 0.007 | 0.005 | |||
Negative for me and my family × Germany | − 0.679* | − 0.680* | |||
Negative for me and my family × France | − 0.882*** | − 0.883*** | |||
Negative for me and my family × Spain | − 0.632** | − 0.631** | |||
Occupation × country | |||||
NEET × UK | − 0.571 | − 0.561 | |||
NEET × Germany | 0.153 | 0.162 | |||
NEET × France | − 0.818 | − 0.808 | |||
NEET × Spain | − 0.305 | − 0.297 | |||
Student × UK | − 1.978*** | − 1.975*** | |||
Student × Germany | − 1.122** | − 1.117* | |||
Student × France | − 1.170** | − 1.166** | |||
Student × Spain | − 0.138 | − 0.136 | |||
Permanent empoloyee × UK | − 0.485 | − 0.491 | |||
Permanent empoloyee × Germany | − 0.232 | − 0.237 | |||
Permanent empoloyee × France | − 1.042** | − 1.047** | |||
Permanent empoloyee × Spain | − 0.356 | − 0.356 | |||
Temporary worker × UK | − 1.073* | − 1.073* | |||
Temporary worker × Germany | − 0.071 | − 0.068 | |||
Temporary worker × France | − 1.101** | − 1.098** | |||
Temporary worker × Spain | − 0.463 | − 0.463 | |||
Youth unemployment rate | 0.017*** | 0.003 | |||
Observations | 1846 | 1846 | 1846 | 1846 | 1846 |