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Journal of Population Sciences

Table 2 PhD students by their type of stay and individual and contextual characteristics. Absolute and raw percentage values

From: Italian PhD students at the borders: the relationship between family background and international mobility

 

Remained in Italy

Study abroad

 

Facultative and financed stay

Facultative and non-financed stay

Total

Parental education

Primary

1412

(75.2)

325

(17.3)

141

(7.5)

1878

Lower secondary

3076

(66.4)

1166

(25.2)

391

(8.4)

4633

Upper secondary

6553

(64.5)

2766

(27.2)

837

(8.2)

10,156

Tertiary/post-tertiary

7242

(62.1)

3283

(28.2)

1129

(9.7)

11,654

Unknown

140

 

24

 

11

 

175

Mother’s economic activity

Employed/self-employed

9977

(62.5)

4547

(28.5)

1426

(8.9)

15,950

Homemaker

6318

(68.2)

2180

(23.5)

769

(8.3)

9267

Retired

1363

(63.4)

578

(26.9)

209

(9.7)

2150

Other conditions

765

(67.8)

259

(22.9)

105

(9.3)

1129

Father’s social class

Higher-grade professional

3369

(63.8)

1345

(25.5)

571

(10.8)

5285

Lower-grade professional

6137

(63.3)

2729

(28.1)

836

(8.6)

9702

Routine non-manual

1229

(66.2)

488

(26.3)

139

(7.5)

1856

Self-employed

3657

(64.9)

1481

(26.3)

498

(8.8)

5636

Working class (skilled/unskilled worker)

2570

(65.8)

1038

(26.6)

299

(7.7)

3907

Unknown social class

1461

 

483

 

166

 

2110

Gender

Male

8286

(61.8)

3870

(28.9)

1245

(9.3)

13,401

Female

10,137

(67.2)

3694

(24.5)

1264

(8.4)

15,095

Student’s main source of earnings

Full scholarship

10,505

(58.5)

6293

(35.0)

1176

(6.5)

17,974

Partial scholarship

1031

(67.5)

351

(23.0)

145

(9.5)

1527

Research grant

906

(69.4)

241

(18.5)

158

(12.1)

1305

Other grants from the same university

712

(70.9)

170

(16.9)

123

(12.2)

1005

Earnings outside university

4306

(80.0)

367

(6.8)

709

(13.2)

5382

No source of earning

963

(73.9)

142

(10.9)

198

(15.2)

1303

Macro-area of athenaeum

North

6906

(59.9)

3628

(31.5)

1000

(8.7)

11,534

Centre

5665

(66.8)

2020

(23.8)

794

(9.4)

8479

South/Islands

5852

(69.0)

1916

(22.6)

715

(8.4)

8483

Interregional move for PhD studies

No

14,274

(65.9)

5716

(26.4)

1686

(7.8)

21,676

Yes

4149

(60.8)

1848

(27.1)

823

(12.1)

6820

Year of PhD dissertation

2008

4740

(65.9)

1865

(25.9)

593

(8.2)

7198

2010

4905

(65.5)

1991

(26.6)

593

(7.9)

7489

2012

4587

(63.9)

1906

(26.6)

684

(9.5)

7177

2014

4191

(63.2)

1802

(27.2)

639

(9.6)

6632

Field of study

Science and Engineering

5715

(59.2)

3326

(34.4)

617

(6.4)

9658

Life Science

6643

(72.5)

1882

(20.5)

641

(7.0)

9166

Social Science and Humanities

6065

(62.7)

2356

(24.4)

1251

(12.9)

9672

Total

18,423

(64.7)

7564

(26.5)

2509

(8.8)

28,496

  1. Authors’ elaboration on the Istat Survey on occupational conditions of PhD holders. Years 2014 and 2018