Table 2 Logistic regression models estimating the Average Marginal Effects (AMEs) of having at least one coresident grandchild among all grandparents by year

Women

0.000

 − 0.000

 − 0.012**

 − 0.007

n.s

(0.007)

(0.006)

(0.006)

(0.007)

Age class < 49 (ref. 50–59)

0.066***

0.052***

0.096***

0.144***

n.s

(0.023)

(0.022)

(0.028)

(0.048)

Age class 60–74 (ref. 50–59)

 − 0.004

 − 0.007

 − 0.025***

 − 0.060***

***

(0.009)

(0.007)

(0.010)

(0.016)

Age class 75 + (ref. 50–59)

0.032***

0.022**

 − 0.023

 − 0.062***

***

(0.011)

(0.010)

(0.011)

(0.018)

Widow (ref. Married)

0.121***

0.079***

0.085***

0.046***

***

(0.010)

(0.008)

(0.009)

(0.011)

Divorced/separated/Never married (ref. Married)

0.047**

0.028**

0.039***

 − 0.006

**

(0.018)

(0.013)

(0.011)

(0.009)

Macro Region of residence: Centre (ref. North)

0.061***

0.027***

0.026***

0.053***

n.s

(0.008)

(0.007)

(0.007)

(0.010)

Macro Region of residence: South (ref. North)

 − 0.014**

 − 0.005

 − 0.004

 − 0.001

n.s

High school diploma

 − 0.041***

 − 0.036***

 − 0.006

 − 0.020**

n.s

(0.163)

(0.010)

(0.008)

(0.008)

(0.006)

(0.005)

(0.005)

(0.006)

Working status: Working (ref. Retired)

0.026*

0.044***

0.009

0.006

n.s

(0.015)

(0.014)

(0.011)

(0.013)

Working status: Other (ref. Retired)

 − 0.001

0.011*

 − 0.005

0.008

n.s

(0.007)

(0.006)

(0.006)

(0.009)

Own income

 − 0.018

 − 0.032***

 − 0.020**

 − 0.022*

n.s

(0.011)

(0.010)

(0.008)

(0.012)

Chronic conditions

0.012

0.006

0.018***

0.019**

n.s

(0.007)

(0.006)

(0.006)

(0.009)

Number of grandchildren

0.003***

0.001

0.001

 − 0.002

***

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.001)

Observations

9578

10315

9659

5893