Fig. 4
From: Normalized lifespan inequality: disentangling the longevity–lifespan variability nexus
(Source: Authors’ elaboration based on the HMD data)
Life expectancy and lifespan inequality for different inequality indicators, 1832–2020, HMD countries. A Absolute Gini for females; B relative Gini for females; C normalized Gini for females; D absolute Gini for males; E relative Gini for males; F normalized Gini for males. Red curve for maximal inequality given maximal lifespan = 122, black line for Japan, dark magenta line for Canada, pink line for Taiwan, grey line for Hong Kong. Normalized indices were calculated when maximal lifespan equals 122.