Journal of Population Sciences
From: Female employment and first childbirth in Italy: what news?
Italy (whole country) | Northern/Central Italy | Southern Italy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (std. error) | HR (std. error) | HR (std. error) | ||||
Calendar time (ref. before 1980) | ||||||
1980–1989 | 0.621 (0.026) | *** | 0.557 (0.031) | *** | 0.721 (0.047) | *** |
1990–1999 | 0.434 (0.019) | *** | 0.401 (0.023) | *** | 0.481 (0.034) | *** |
2000–2009 | 0.454 (0.021) | *** | 0.452 (0.027) | *** | 0.443 (0.033) | *** |
2010–2016 | 0.427 (0.024) | *** | 0.433 (0.032) | *** | 0.415 (0.038) | *** |
Parental education (ref. primary) | ||||||
Lower secondary | 0.882 (0.029) | *** | 0.901 (0.038) | ** | 0.851 (0.047) | *** |
Upper secondary/tertiary | 0.803 (0.032) | *** | 0.827 (0.041) | *** | 0.753 (0.053) | *** |
Area of resid. (ref. North/Centre) | ||||||
South | 1.033 (0.029) | |||||
Place of birth (ref. Italy) | ||||||
Foreign country | 1.345 (0.053) | *** | 1.473 (0.068) | *** | 1.071 (0.082) | |
Ever migrated (ref. no) | ||||||
Yes | 0.860 (0.079) | * | 0.955 (0.118) | 0.759 (0.107) | * | |
Education (ref. upper secondary) | ||||||
Still studying | 0.324 (0.017) | *** | 0.312 (0.022) | *** | 0.352 (0.029) | *** |
Up to lower secondary | 1.233 (0.039) | *** | 1.245 (0.051) | *** | 1.226 (0.062) | *** |
Tertiary | 1.026 (0.044) | 0.955 (0.049) | 1.149 (0.087) | * | ||
Employment (ref. not employed) | ||||||
Employed | 0.988 (0.028) | 1.022 (0.048) | 0.949 (0.033) | * |