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Journal of Population Sciences

Table 1 Employment status and transition to motherhood. Cox models, HRs are reported with standard errors in brackets

From: Female employment and first childbirth in Italy: what news?

 

Italy (whole country)

Northern/Central Italy

Southern Italy

HR (std. error)

HR (std. error)

HR (std. error)

Calendar time (ref. before 1980)

      

1980–1989

0.621

(0.026)

***

0.557

(0.031)

***

0.721

(0.047)

***

1990–1999

0.434

(0.019)

***

0.401

(0.023)

***

0.481

(0.034)

***

2000–2009

0.454

(0.021)

***

0.452

(0.027)

***

0.443

(0.033)

***

2010–2016

0.427

(0.024)

***

0.433

(0.032)

***

0.415

(0.038)

***

Parental education (ref. primary)

      

 Lower secondary

0.882

(0.029)

***

0.901

(0.038)

**

0.851

(0.047)

***

 Upper secondary/tertiary

0.803

(0.032)

***

0.827

(0.041)

***

0.753

(0.053)

***

Area of resid. (ref. North/Centre)

      

 South

1.033

(0.029)

     

Place of birth (ref. Italy)

      

 Foreign country

1.345

(0.053)

***

1.473

(0.068)

***

1.071

(0.082)

 

Ever migrated (ref. no)

      

 Yes

0.860

(0.079)

*

0.955

(0.118)

 

0.759

(0.107)

*

Education (ref. upper secondary)

      

 Still studying

0.324

(0.017)

***

0.312

(0.022)

***

0.352

(0.029)

***

 Up to lower secondary

1.233

(0.039)

***

1.245

(0.051)

***

1.226

(0.062)

***

 Tertiary

1.026

(0.044)

 

0.955 (0.049)

 

1.149

(0.087)

*

Employment (ref. not employed)

      

 Employed

0.988

(0.028)

 

1.022

(0.048)

 

0.949

(0.033)

*

  1. Source: Author’s elaboration on FSS 2016 data
  2. *p < 0.10; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01. Sample sizes: Italy = 9327; Northern/Central Italy = 5669; Southern Italy = 3658