Journal of Population Sciences
From: Female employment and first childbirth in Italy: what news?
Italy (whole country) | Northern/Central Italy | Southern Italy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (std. error) | HR (std. error) | HR (std. error) | ||||
Parental education (ref. primary) | ||||||
Lower secondary | 0.879 (0.029) | *** | 0.898 (0.038) | ** | 0.851 (0.047) | *** |
Upper secondary / tertiary | 0.803 (0.032) | *** | 0.827 (0.041) | *** | 0.754 (0.054) | *** |
Area of resid. (ref. North/Centre) | ||||||
South | 1.032 (0.029) | |||||
Place of birth (ref. Italy) | ||||||
Foreign country | 1.343 (0.053) | *** | 1.475 (0.068) | *** | 1.072 (0.082) | |
Ever migrated (ref. no) | ||||||
Yes | 0.858 (0.080) | * | 0.955 (0.118) | 0.761 (0.108) | * | |
Education (ref. upper secondary) | ||||||
Still studying | 0.327 (0.017) | *** | 0.313 (0.022) | *** | 0.355 (0.029) | *** |
Up to lower secondary | 1.238 (0.039) | *** | 1.250 (0.051) | *** | 1.229 (0.062) | *** |
Tertiary | 1.019 (0.044) | 0.955 (0.049) | 1.140 (0.086) | * | ||
Employed (ref. not employed) | 0.833 (0.052) | *** | 0.835 (0.066) | ** | 0.865 (0.101) | |
Calendar time (ref. before 1980) | ||||||
1980–1989 | 0.598 (0.033) | *** | 0.508 (0.042) | *** | 0.698 (0.052) | *** |
1990–1999 | 0.401 (0.023) | *** | 0.365 (0.031) | *** | 0.454 (0.037) | *** |
2000–2009 | 0.397 (0.025) | *** | 0.393 (0.036) | *** | 0.428 (0.037) | *** |
2010–2016 | 0.343 (0.028) | *** | 0.364 (0.044) | *** | 0.360 (0.040) | *** |
Employed * 1980–89 | 1.101 (0.089) | 1.180 (0.109) | * | 1.141 (0.169) | ||
Employed * 1990–99 | 1.201 (0.098) | ** | 1.186 (0.125) | * | 1.238 (0.184) | |
Employed * 2000–09 | 1.319 (0.108) | *** | 1.268 (0.136) | ** | 1.637 (0.304) | |
Employed * 2010–16 | 1.501 (0.153) | *** | 1.322 (0.184) | ** | 1.481 (0.253) | ** |