Fig. 1From: Fertility decline and the emergence of excess female survival in post-reproductive ages in ItalySource: Istat (1936, 1974) and authors’ calculationsSurvival chances between 1931 and 1961 of the cohorts born before 1887 by completed family size (CFS), in Italy (ever-married women, aged 45 years and over at the start of the period and 75 years and over at its end). Ever-married women observed in 1931 at 45 years and over, and in 1961 at 75 years and over.Back to article page