Fig. 2From: Fertility decline and the emergence of excess female survival in post-reproductive ages in ItalySource: Istat (1936, 1974) and authors’ calculationsSurvival chances between 1931 and 1961 of the cohorts born in the years 1887–1891 by CFS, in Italy (ever-married women aged 40–44 years and over at the start of the period and 70–74 years and over at its end). Ever-married women observed in 1931 at the 40–44 years, and in 1961 at the 70–74 years.Back to article page