Fig. 4

Trends in the mode, measure of variation and magnitude of distributions of relative age-specific contributions to the sex gap in life expectancy at the beginning (dashed line) and at the end of the observation period (solid line), for neoplasms in Spain 1998–2012 and for heart diseases in France 2001–2015. Increase/decrease denotes increasing/decreasing relative cause-specific contributions (i.e., magnitude) to the overall sex gap