Table 1 Absolute (years) and relative (%) contributions of the main cause-specific mortality to the sex gap in life expectancy at birth at first and at last time within 15-year periods, compression indicator (C40), standard deviation (SD) and trends of age-specific relative contributions within the 15-year period, across countries

Russia

(2000–2014)

1.1 (8.2)

9.3

53.6–62.9

101.6

1.2 (10.6)

9.0

57.0–66.0

92.8

A

3.2 (24.3)

13.8

45.9–59.7

131.1

Ukraine

(1999–2013)

1.1 (10.1)

9.6

53.2–62.8

103.6

1.2 (11.6)

9.0

56.1–65.1

83.9

A

2.8 (25.4)

14.1

49.2–63.3

140.7

Poland

(2002–2016)

2.0 (23.1)

9.9

58.6–68.5

105.3

1.8 (22.6)

10.6

61.7–72.3

108.4

B

2.3 (27.3)

13.2

52.4–65.6

120.8

Czech Republic

(2002–2016)

1.8 (25.1)

10.1

58.5–68.6

100.8

1.3 (25.1)

8.9

63.6–72.5

52.1

A

1.7 (26.0)

12.1

54.8–66.9

117.2

France

(2001–2015)

2.7 (36.0)

12.6

60.0–72.6

120.6

2.1 (36.0)

11.7

60.2–71.9

106.1

A

1.3 (17.0)

14.0

63.3–77.3

150.2

Spain

(1998–2012)

2.4 (34.2)

11.9

60.3–72.2

123.3

2.2 (40.2)

10.9

62.2–73.1

99.1

A

1.2 (17.3)

13.5

57.8–71.3

137.8

Germany

(2001–2015)

1.4 (23.9)

10.0

63.1–73.1

92.0

1.2 (22.7)

10.3

63.8–74.1

99.3

B

1.8 (30.6)

12.7

60.5–73.2

128.6

UK

(2002–2016)

0.9 (20.2)

8.3

67.8–76.1

41.5

0.8 (22.6)

7.3

71.2–78.5

40.1

A

1.6 (36.2)

13.6

60.5–74.1

137.3

US

(1999–2013)

1.0 (18.0)

9.8

64.8–74.6

89.9

0.8 (16.7)

10.5

66.8–77.3

90.9

B

1.7 (32.4)

14.4

58–72.4

139.8

Japan

(2001–2015)

2.3 (34.1)

9.4

64.8–74.2

91.6

1.9 (32.9)

9.4

66.4–75.8

98.6

B *

0.9 (12.9)

15.3

58.2–73.5

176.0

3.3 (29.1)

12.1

52.0–64.1

130.2

A

5.6 (42.5)

14.5

18.3–32.8

180.9

3.6 (32.3)

14.4

23.5–37.9

148.7

E¹

3.3 (33.4)

13.0

53.7–66.7

134.1

A

3.9 (35.1)

16.3

26.9–43.2

146.0

2.3 (23.9)

16.2

24.1–40.3

141.4

E¹

2.1 (26.7)

13.2

53.9–67.1

123.3

B *

2.0 (23.6)

18.0

27.6–45.6

155.4

1.5 (19.8)

20.0

18.0–38.0

248.4

B

1.7 (30.3)

12.0

59.6–71.6

113.0

A

1.4 (20.6)

18.8

17.3–36.1

235.4

1.0 (17.2)

21.2

18.0–39.2

275.7

B

1.0 (16.7)

15.2

66.6–81.8

203.9

B

1.4 (18.8)

16.4

16.0–32.4

230.9

1.1 (18.0)

20.3

23.9–44.2

243.3

B

1.0 (17.0)

13.9

58.5–72.4

145.5

B

1.1 (15.7)

14.6

17.7–32.3

220.1

0.6 (10.6)

20.3

26.7–47.0

224.2

B

1.4 (28.8)

13.5

60.2–73.7

130.5

B

0.9 (15.2)

16.1

14.7–30.8

238.7

0.6 (13.2)

20.3

17.8–38.1

279.3

B

1.1 (30.7)

14.2

61.1–75.3

137.5

B

0.7 (14.9)

13.3

17.1–30.4

191.6

0.7 (19.6)

16.0

25.3–41.3

198.9

E²

1.4 (29.9)

15.1

54.8–69.9

135.8

B

1.3 (24.8)

13.6

14.8–28.4

216.2

1.4 (29.3)

14.3

17.0–31.3

225.0

E²

0.9 (14.7)

15.1

59.1–74.2

142.9

A

1.1 (17.3)

22.0

36.1–58.1

201.8

0.8 (14.4)

24.0

17.0–41.0

306.3

B