Table 2 Linear regression model coefficient estimates (standard errors) among first births

Maternal educational attainment

 Less than primary

− 0.0879

(1.43)

− 0.0699

(0.40)

− 0.0835

(1.10)

− 0.414***

(5.40)

− 0.417***

(5.83)

 Primary

− 0.0690

(1.50)

− 0.0209

(0.16)

− 0.0993

(1.76)

− 0.181**

(3.17)

− 0.233***

(4.40)

 Some secondary

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 Upper secondary and above

− 0.0328

(0.77)

0.272*

(2.26)

0.0671

(1.28)

0.102

(1.92)

0.176***

(3.59)

Maternal cognition (z)

0.00679

(0.28)

− 0.0108

(0.16)

0.00703

(0.24)

0.0630*

(2.09)

0.0634*

(2.28)

Male

0.0216

(0.67)

− 0.0575

(0.63)

0.0130

(0.33)

− 0.0458

(1.15)

− 0.117**

(3.17)

Twins + 

− 0.450**

(3.18)

− 0.825*

(2.04)

− 0.0290

(0.16)

0.148

(0.84)

0.130

(0.79)

Birth year

− 0.00385

(0.65)

0.0659***

(4.34)

0.0155*

(2.35)

− 0.000913

(0.14)

− 0.0245***

(3.57)

Urban

− 0.0281

(0.79)

0.0981

(0.97)

0.0489

(1.11)

0.104*

(2.35)

− 0.00839

(0.20)

Maternal marital status

− 0.0237

(0.55)

− 0.139

(0.43)

− 0.0936

(0.94)

0.155

(1.70)

0.131

(1.84)

Fertility characteristics

 Contraceptive knowledge high

− 0.0341

(0.78)

− 0.166

(1.33)

− 0.0279

(0.52)

0.0126

(0.23)

0.0521

(1.04)

 Mother ≤ 20 years at birth

0.0183

(0.49)

− 0.313**

(2.96)

0.0274

(0.60)

0.00381

(0.08)

− 0.130**

(3.03)

 Number of household dependents (< 18 years)

0.0357

(1.71)

− 0.0496

(1.10)

0.00545

(0.24)

0.0147

(0.61)

− 0.0411*

(2.30)

 Post-birth pregnancy interval < 24 months

0.161

(1.24)

− 0.0789

(1.36)

− 0.00942

(0.16)

− 0.0861

(1.64)

Child health

 Birth weight (kg)

0.510***

(6.27)

− 0.0194

(0.54)

− 0.0370

(1.02)

− 0.0146

(0.44)

 Height (z) t₁

0.846***

(67.72)

− 0.0341

(1.23)

0.0408

(1.60)

 Height (z) t₂

0.0463

(1.59)

− 0.000831

(0.03)

 Cognition (z) t₃

0.159***

(5.99)

 Constant

3.149***

(42.85)

− 2.728***

(6.14)

− 0.118

(0.70)

− 0.356*

(2.11)

0.522***

(3.63)

Observations

1237

1237

1237

1237

1237