Explaining the diminishing of Muslim advantage in child survival in India

Ganguly, Dibyasree; Goli, Srinivas; Rammohan, Anu

doi:10.1186/s41118-022-00177-3

Genus

Journal of Population Sciences

Table 2 Sample distribution of study population (N = 23,47,245 live births) by background characteristics, 1992 to 2016

From: Explaining the diminishing of Muslim advantage in child survival in India

Variable	Prop	95% CI
Variable	Prop	LL	UL
Under-five deaths
No	0.872	0.872	0.872
Yes	0.128	0.128	0.128
Religion
Hindu	0.801	0.801	0.801
Muslim	0.148	0.148	0.148
Others	0.051	0.051	0.051
Child Sex
Male	0.519	0.519	0.519
Female	0.481	0.481	0.481
Birth order
1	0.302	0.302	0.302
2	0.254	0.254	0.254
3	0.178	0.178	0.178
3 +	0.266	0.266	0.266
Births spacing
Less than 3 years	0.486	0.486	0.486
3 years and above	0.211	0.211	0.211
Do not know/missing	0.304	0.304	0.304
Current age of mother
Below 18	0.004	0.004	0.004
18–29 years	0.274	0.274	0.274
30–39 years	0.394	0.394	0.394
40–49 years	0.328	0.328	0.328
Mother’s age at first marriage
Below 18	0.693	0.693	0.693
18–21 years	0.248	0.248	0.248
21 above	0.056	0.056	0.056
Mother’s age at first birth
Below 18	0.425	0.425	0.425
18–21 years	0.421	0.421	0.421
21 above	0.154	0.154	0.154
Mother’s education
No	0.628	0.628	0.628
Yes	0.372	0.372	0.372
Mother’s occupation
Not working	0.576	0.576	0.576
Working	0.424	0.424	0.424
Mother’s sex preference
Son preference	0.344	0.344	0.344
Others	0.656	0.656	0.656
Mother’s mass media exposure
No	0.534	0.534	0.534
Yes	0.466	0.466	0.466
Head of the household’s age
Below 21	0.005	0.005	0.005
21–29 years	0.065	0.065	0.065
30–39 years	0.263	0.263	0.263
40–49 years	0.337	0.337	0.337
50 above	0.330	0.330	0.330
Do not know/missing	0.000	0.000	0.000
Education of the head of household
Illiterate	0.406	0.406	0.406
Primary	0.233	0.233	0.233
Secondary	0.290	0.290	0.290
Higher	0.070	0.070	0.070
Household wealth status
Poorest	0.225	0.225	0.225
Poorer	0.216	0.216	0.216
Middle	0.204	0.204	0.204
Richer	0.191	0.191	0.191
Richest	0.165	0.165	0.165
Household size
Below 3	0.019	0.019	0.019
3	0.057	0.057	0.057
4	0.136	0.136	0.136
5 +	0.787	0.787	0.787
Do not know/missing	0.000	0.000	0.000
Household’s toilet facility
Unimproved	0.692	0.692	0.692
Improved not shared	0.300	0.300	0.300
Do not know/missing	0.008	0.008	0.008
Household’s source of drinking water
Unimproved	0.109	0.109	0.109
Improved	0.784	0.784	0.784
Do not know/missing	0.107	0.107	0.107
Household’s cooking fuel
Polluting	0.831	0.831	0.831
Clean	0.161	0.161	0.161
Place of residence
Urban	0.257	0.257	0.257
Rural	0.743	0.743	0.743
Years lived in the place of residence
Below 5 years	0.085	0.085	0.085
5–10 years	0.178	0.178	0.178
11 years and above	0.737	0.737	0.737
States
Muslim Advantage States
Remained Muslim advantage	0.504	0.504	0.504
Shifted from Hindu to Muslim advantage	0.145	0.145	0.145
Hindu Advantage States
Remained Hindu advantage	0.141	0.141	0.141
Shifted from Muslim to Hindu advantage	0.209	0.209	0.209
Year of survey
1992–1993	0.282	0.282	0.282
1998–1999	0.282	0.282	0.282
2005–2006	0.370	0.370	0.370
2015–2016	0.066	0.066	0.066

Denormalized weighted proportion; unweighted sample (n)

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