Uptake of formal childcare among second generation and native mothers in Belgium: can increasing local childcare availability narrow migrant-native gaps?

Genus

Journal of Population Sciences

Table 3 Municipality-level fixed-effects logit models for the uptake of formal childcare, native and second generation Maghreb mothers

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	OR	sig	OR	sig	OR	sig	OR	sig
Constant	0.79	***	1.26	***	1.28	***	0.45	***
Municipality fixed effects
Effect coded dummies	Included		Included		Included		Included
Childcare coverage
Coverage (linear)	1.04	***	1.04	***	1.04	***	1.03	***
Coverage (quadratic)	1.00	***	1.00	***	1.00	***	1.00	***
Origin (ref. native)
2G Maghreb			0.16	***	0.06	***	0.14	***
2G Maghreb * municipality			Included		Included		Included
Coverage * origin
Coverage (linear) * 2G Maghreb					1.07	***	1.05	*
Coverage (quadratic) * 2G Maghreb					1.00	**	1.00	*
Mothers’ educational level (ref. high)
Low							0.18	***
Medium							0.36	***
Unknown							0.30	***
Mothers’ age at first childbirth							1.05	***
Child’s age at end of the year							1.30	***
Origin father (ref. native)
First generation migrant							0.66	***
Second generation migrant							0.80	***
Unknown							0.89	n.s
N	229,843		229,843		229,843		229,843
R²	0.0372		0.0563		0.0563		0.1341
df	29		56		58		66
Log likelihood	− 139,053		− 136,302		− 136,295		− 125,061

Source: Belgian Census 2011 linked to longitudinal register data, longitudinal tax return data on childcare expenses and municipality-level data on childcare coverage from K&G and ONE. Calculations by authors
Significant levels: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001