Journal of Population Sciences
Table 2 Proportion of women living alone by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in Sweden and Japan
Variables | Japan | Sweden | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1989 (%) | 2001 (%) | 2010 (%) | 2016 (%) | 1990 (%) | 2011 (%) | 2016 (%) | |
Age group | |||||||
30–34 | 1.9 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 11.6 |
35–39 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 3.4 | 2.6 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 8.4 |
40–44 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 7.9 |
45–49 | 2.8 | 3.9 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 11.4 | 9.9 | 9.8 |
50–54 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 16.0 | 14.0 | 14.0 |
55–59 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 6.6 | 6.8 | 20.6 | 19.2 | 19.3 |
60–64 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 9.4 | 8.0 | 26.5 | 23.5 | 24.0 |
Civil status | |||||||
Never married | 27.0 | 21.8 | 18.6 | 18.0 | 35.0 | 23.6 | 24.0 |
Married | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 |
Divorced | 24.4 | 27.1 | 25.2 | 19.8 | 37.0 | 30.0 | 29.0 |
Widowed | 23.8 | 30.0 | 31.3 | 31.9 | 60.4 | 47.2 | 41.8 |
Place of residence | |||||||
Rural | 2.8 | 3.2 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 10.5 | 11.6 | 12.2 |
Urban | 4.0 | 6.1 | 5.6 | 5.7 | 15.6 | 14.0 | 13.9 |
Income | |||||||
Low (p1–32) | 0.7 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 9.4 | 15.5 | 16.1 |
Middle (p33–65) | 7.4 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 12.9 | 12.1 | 12.7 |
High (p66–100) | 9.1 | 10.9 | 11.3 | 10.1 | 21.0 | 13.0 | 12.3 |
Parental status | |||||||
Childless | 14.3 | 14.1 | 43.3 | 37.3 | 36.7 | ||
Parent | 2.8 | 2.4 | 9.0 | 8.5 | 8.4 | ||
Education | |||||||
Compulsory or less | 8.8 | 8.1 | 14.7 | 16.3 | 15.8 | ||
Secondary | 5.2 | 5.1 | 13.1 | 13.4 | 14.2 | ||
University and above | 4.5 | 4.8 | 13.9 | 12.1 | 11.9 | ||
Occupational status | |||||||
Not working | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 18.6 | 17.8 | 17.0 |
Senior managers | 7.5 | 6.1 | 9.1 | 9.1 | 13.4 | 10.1 | 9.7 |
Professionals | 5.6 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 14.0 | 12.3 | 12.0 |
Clerks | 5.9 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 14.2 | 14.2 | 13.9 |
Service workers | 5.9 | 6.8 | 6.7 | 6.3 | 11.4 | 12.5 | 12.4 |
Skilled agricultural | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 4.8 | 13.3 | 14.1 |
Craft workers | 3.3 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 6.4 | 12.1 | 14.2 | 13.4 |