Childcare in Italy among migrants and natives: who uses which type and why?

Genus

Journal of Population Sciences

Table 6 Multinomial regression on barriers to formal childcare: relative risk ratios (reference logistical reasons)

	Economic		Other
	RRR	P > z	RRR	P > z
Mother’s migrant background (ref Italian)
1.5 Gen	0.663	0.189	1.326	0.460
1st Gen	0.441	0.002	1.069	0.819
Italian geographical context (ref Northwest)
Northeast	0.637	0.003	0.713	0.094
Centre	0.600	0.002	0.915	0.670
South	0.293	0.000	0.852	0.395
Island	0.333	0.000	0.868	0.570
Mother’s age (ref up to 24)
25–29	0.951	0.830	1.817	0.080
30–34	0.801	0.338	1.486	0.244
35–39	0.608	0.036	1.734	0.109
40 or over	0.461	0.003	1.958	0.061
Mother’s education (ref post-secondary)
Upper secondary	1.208	0.117	0.962	0.785
Lower secondary	1.287	0.125	0.706	0.110
Mother’s labour market participation (ref employed)
Other	3.340	0.039	2.866	0.122
Unemployed	1.867	0.001	1.324	0.241
Housewife	1.475	0.013	1.049	0.814
Student	0.751	0.511	1.311	0.589
Poverty risk (ref no)
Other	1.490	0.191	1.056	0.889
Yes	1.398	0.004	0.720	0.034
Family type (ref married)
Partnership	1.000	0.999	1.071	0.740
Single	1.065	0.823	0.683	0.357
Cohabitant grandparents (ref no)
Yes	1.217	0.321	1.142	0.597
Number of previous children (ref 0)
1	1.092	0.459	0.796	0.114
2	1.092	0.637	0.596	0.033
3 or more	1.827	0.078	0.506	0.200
Father’s migrant background (ref Italian-born)
No info	0.578	0.317	2.569	0.124
Migrant-born	0.570	0.010	0.963	0.879
Delivery type (ref singleton)
Twin	1.755	0.047	1.228	0.585
Constant	2.412	0.001	0.473	0.046