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Journal of Population Sciences

Table 1 Descriptive statistics

From: Will the gap ever be bridged? A cross-national comparison of non-native students’ educational achievements

Wave

Average

Germany

Spain

France

UK

Italy

Number of students

 2009

13,690

3808

23,886

3707

10,539

26,510

 2012

13,792

3497

23,693

4027

10,892

26,849

 2015

7612

4983

6016

5384

11,003

10,674

 2018

12,990

4177

33,244

5648

11,029

10,851

Number of schools

 2009

572

225

886

168

482

1097

 2012

610

227

901

226

507

1187

 2015

344

255

197

250

547

470

 2018

512

220

1,089

251

467

534

% Non-native students (% 2nd generation)

 2009

7.02 (2.15)

12.66 (8.46)

8.54 (1.14)

10.33 (7.77)

5.89 (2.90)

4.84 (1.07)

 2012

8.03 (2.36)

9.84 (8.29)

9.53 (0.98)

12.17 (8.29)

7.37 (3.04)

6.11 (1.63)

 2015

10.49 (4.96)

14.17 (11.36)

9.89 (1.68)

11.03 (7.54)

11.76 (4.32)

7.54 (3.18)

 2018

11.83 (5.88)

19.58 (14.56)

11.51 (4.58)

13.85 (9.30)

11.54 (5.78)

9.07 (4.86)

Read: average reading score (std. dev.)

 2009

498.9 (86.07)

511.6 (87.67)

490.3 (83.32)

512.7 (93.74)

504.7 (86.42)

500.5 (86.26)

 2012

505.4 (86.35)

525.6 (83.16)

498.7 (84.68)

522.8 (96.71)

509.8 (83.39)

504.2 (86.92)

 2015

508.9 (86.15)

529.1 (87.32)

505.2 (78.36)

517.5 (98.85)

507.9 (84.03)

498.2 (83.00)

 2018

493.8 (90.38)

516.6 (97.92)

487.5 (86.40)

496.0 (98.00)

511.3 (92.02)

485.4 (89.59)

Math: average mathematics score (std. dev.)

 2009

499.9 (84.92)

526.7 (90.67)

495.8 (86.75)

512.3 (89.34)

499.8 (79.45)

498.0 (83.00)

 2012

501.8 (85.68)

530.2 (90.77)

499.4 (83.97)

509.7 (89.64)

500.5 (84.41)

499.6 (85.66)

 2015

505.1 (81.34)

521.7 (81.69)

495.3 (76.47)

508.0 (85.11)

502.8 (78.24)

503.6 (83.83)

 2018

499.1 (81.23)

516.5 (87.71)

495.6 (78.17)

496.5 (88.32)

504.7 (79.97)

498.8 (84.06)