Journal of Population Sciences
Table 2 Students’ characteristics by country and wave
Wave | Average | Germany | Spain | France | UK | Italy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (% females) | ||||||
2009 | 50.56 | 51.08 | 49.89 | 52.31 | 51.66 | 50.41 |
2012 | 50.72 | 51.30 | 50.61 | 53.22 | 50.79 | 50.33 |
2015 | 51.33 | 51.11 | 51.03 | 52.34 | 51.66 | 50.74 |
2018 | 50.43 | 47.88 | 50.54 | 50.21 | 52.63 | 48.94 |
lhomedif: % with language spoken at home different from test language | ||||||
2009 | 3.78 | 8.74 | 3.20 | 4.67 | 3.18 | 3.70 |
2012 | 4.19 | 5.32 | 3.43 | 5.86 | 3.62 | 4.70 |
2015 | 6.73 | 9.59 | 3.66 | 5.74 | 5.03 | 9.39 |
2018 | 7.51 | 15.18 | 4.82 | 8.34 | 9.36 | 10.50 |
hisei: socioeconomic status (std. dev.) | ||||||
2009 | 47.77 (16.62) | 49.89 (15.47) | 46.81 (17.22) | 47.83 (16.97) | 49.63 (15.70) | 47.59 (16.43) |
2012 | 49.62 (21.30) | 52.26 (20.38) | 48.23 (21.60) | 53.03 (21.24) | 55.14 (20.84) | 47.76 (20.87) |
2015 | 52.54 (21.76) | 52.78 (20.23) | 49.28 (23.44) | 52.11 (21.49) | 56.89 (21.35) | 50.01 (21.26) |
2018 | 51.31 (22.50) | 52.71 (20.81) | 50.19 (23.14) | 51.02 (22.17) | 58.15 (21.24) | 47.42 (20.99) |
pared: highest parental education (std. dev.) | ||||||
2009 | 13.17 (3.23) | 14.44 (2.82) | 12.54 (3.71) | 13.00 (1.97) | 14.26 (1.87) | 13.13 (3.24) |
2012 | 13.39 (3.15) | 14.28 (3.19) | 12.82 (3.55) | 13.14 (1.95) | 14.29 (1.99) | 13.45 (3.18) |
2015 | 13.72 (2.88) | 14.48 (3.22) | 12.77 (3.78) | 13.46 (1.84) | 14.01 (2.11) | 13.73 (3.07) |
2018 | 13.79 (3.12) | 14.51 (3.50) | 13.61 (3.46) | 13.65 (1.98) | 14.08 (2.15) | 13.85 (3.11) |
cultposs: family cultural possession (std. dev.) | ||||||
2009 | 0.02 (0.89) | – 0.05 (0.94) | 0.22 (0.86) | – 0.18 (1.02) | – 0.23 (0.95) | – 0.02 (0.82) |
2012 | 0.15 (0.99) | 0.14 (0.99) | 0.24 (0.96) | – 0.11 (1.02) | – 0.22 (1.01) | 0.26 (0.96) |
2015 | 0.06 (1.01) | 0.12 (1.04) | 0.16 (0.98) | – 0.06 (0.99) | – 0.10 (1.05) | 0.21 (0.96) |
2018 | – 0.02 (0.94) | 0.16 (1.01) | 0.02 (0.92) | – 0.45 (1.04) | – 0.19 (1.02) | 0.20 (0.75) |
hedres: family educational resources (std. dev.) | ||||||
2009 | – 0.00 (0.90) | 0.23 (0.86) | – 0.10 (0.90) | – 0.23 (0.95) | – 0.05 (0.92) | 0.11 (0.87) |
2012 | 0.08 (0.89) | 0.26 (0.85) | 0.08 (0.87) | – 0.16 (0.81) | 0.07 (1.00) | 0.10 (0.86) |
2015 | 0.09 (0.92) | 0.13 (0.86) | – 0.01 (0.89) | – 0.19 (0.82) | 0.07 (1.01) | 0.29 (0.87) |
2018 | 0.01 (0.94) | 0.05 (0.90) | – 0.09 (0.90) | – 0.19 (0.90) | 0.10 (1.01) | 0.28 (0.92) |