In-between centers and suburbs? Increasing differentials in recent demographic dynamics of Italian metropolitan cities

Genus

Journal of Population Sciences

Table 3 Clusters names, profiles and characteristics^a

Clusters	Number of municipalities	Clusters centers^b (‰)				North	Centre	South	Total	Average municipal pop. size^c
Clusters	Number of municipalities	r	ni	nmi	nma	%	%	%	%	Average municipal pop. size^c
1. Depopulation and denatality	326	− 11.5	− 9.9	− 3.0	0.3	27.0	16.7	27.1	25.7	2307
2. Small scale decline	64	− 5.5	− 6.2	− 8.2	7.7	2.5	8.0	7.3	5.0	3207
3. Small decrease due to immigration from abroad	563	− 2.5	− 1.8	− 1.9	0.6	36.3	38.3	56.4	44.4	29,572
4. Increase by immigration	316	4.1	− 1.2	4.8	0.5	34.3	37.0	9.3	24.9	12,159
Total	1269	− 3.6	− 4.0	− 0.9	0.9	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	16,882

^aIn the computation of r, the statistical estimates of cancellations and enrollments that cannot be ascribed to demographic events (births, deaths and migrations) are considered. Therefore, the sum of ni + nmi + nma it is not perfectly equal to r (see footnote 1). ^bThe values of cluster centers in the total row are obtained by separately calculating the average of r, ni, nmi, nma of all (1269) municipalities considered. ^cPopulation data refer to 2011
Source: our elaboration on Istat data