Journal of Population Sciences
Table 4 Employment status and transition to motherhood, only women who have never worked for more than 6 months in the macro-area opposite to that they live in at the time of the interview. Cox models, HRs are reported with standard errors in brackets
From: Female employment and first childbirth in Italy: what news?
Italy (whole country) | Northern/Central Italy | Southern Italy | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (std. error) | HR (std. error) | HR (std. error) | ||||
Calendar time (ref. before 1980) | ||||||
1980–1989 | 0.623 (0.026) | *** | 0.555 (0.031) | *** | 0.731 (0.048) | *** |
1990–1999 | 0.433 (0.019) | *** | 0.398 (0.023) | *** | 0.483 (0.034) | *** |
2000–2009 | 0.457 (0.022) | *** | 0.447 (0.027) | *** | 0.457 (0.035) | *** |
2010–2016 | 0.422 (0.024) | *** | 0.421 (0.031) | *** | 0.416 (0.038) | *** |
Parental education (ref. primary) | ||||||
Lower secondary | 0.883 (0.030) | *** | 0.898 (0.038) | ** | 0.854 (0.047) | *** |
Upper secondary/tertiary | 0.799 (0.033) | *** | 0.820 (0.041) | *** | 0.754 (0.055) | *** |
Area of resid. (ref. North/Centre) | ||||||
South | 1.038 (0.030) | |||||
Place of birth (ref. Italy) | ||||||
Foreign country | 1.346 (0.054) | *** | 1.493 (0.070) | *** | 1.071 (0.082) | |
Education (ref. upper secondary) | ||||||
Still studying | 0.331 (0.018) | *** | 0.317 (0.023) | *** | 0.360 (0.031) | *** |
Up to lower secondary | 1.230 (0.039) | *** | 1.235 (0.051) | *** | 1.228 (0.062) | *** |
Tertiary | 1.026 (0.044) | 0.967 (0.051) | 1.120 (0.087) | |||
Employment (ref. not employed) | ||||||
Employed | 0.990 (0.028) | 1.020 (0.048) | 0.948 (0.033) | * | ||