Parental leave policies, work (re)entry, and second birth: Do differences between migrants and non-migrants in Germany increase?

Milewski, Nadja; Brehm, Uta

doi:10.1186/s41118-023-00198-6

Genus

Journal of Population Sciences

Table 5 Results of multivariable intensity regression with competing risks of (re)entry to work or second child, by migrant status (AME)

From: Parental leave policies, work (re)entry, and second birth: Do differences between migrants and non-migrants in Germany increase?

Model A4	Non-migrants				First-generation migrants				Migrant descendants
Model A4	(Re)entry to work		Second pregnancy		(Re)entry to work		Second pregnancy		(Re)entry to work		Second pregnancy
Policy period at first birth
1992–1995	0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000
1996–2000	0.001		0.001		− 0.004		0.010	^°	0.003		− 0.002
2001–2006	0.001		0.003	^°	− 0.008		− 0.001		− 0.003		0.002
2007–2012	0.007	*	0.002		− 0.007		0.014		0.008		− 0.001
2013–2020	0.012	**	− 0.001		− 0.002		0.012		− 0.004		− 0.003
Age of first child
Up to 12 ms	0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000
13–24 ms	0.019	**	0.012	**	0.012	**	0.012	**	0.015	**	0.010	**
25–36 ms	0.011	**	0.013	**	0.007		0.019	**	0.018	**	0.010	**
37–48 ms	0.002		0.010	**	0.015	**	− 0.003		0.013	*	0.012	**
49–60 ms	− 0.007		0.004		0.001		0.021	**	0.007		0.008
61–72 ms	− 0.017	**	0.001		− 0.006		0.012		− 0.002		− 0.010
Education
No or lower secondary degree	− 0.005	**	0.002	^°	− 0.006		− 0.010		− 0.007	*	− 0.001
Middle secondary degree	0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000
Upper secondary degree	0.000		0.002	^°	0.000		− 0.016		− 0.002		0.004
Tertiary degree	0.010	**	0.006	**	0.000		− 0.010		0.016	*	0.016	*
Employment before first birth
Full-time (> 30 h) employed at b1	0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000
Part-time (< = 30 h) employed at b1	− 0.007	**	− 0.002		− 0.002		− 0.008	*	− 0.002		− 0.002
Not employed/mv at b1	− 0.008	**	− 0.002	^°	− 0.005		0.000		− 0.007	*	− 0.002
Union status
Married	0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000
Cohabitation	0.003		− 0.006	**	0.001		− 0.009	*	− 0.001		− 0.007	**
Single	− 0.004		− 0.010	**	− 0.013	**	− 0.013	**	0.001		− 0.012	**
Equivalent household income	0.000		0.000	*	0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000
Age at first birth
< 25 years	0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000
25 to < 30 years	0.008	**	− 0.002		0.004		− 0.006		0.008	*	− 0.008	**
30 to < 35 years	0.006	*	− 0.005	**	0.016	**	− 0.008	^°	0.004		− 0.001
> 35 years	0.000		− 0.010	**	0.012	*	− 0.011	*	0.003		− 0.006
Regional childcare 0- < 3 years
0 to 5	− 0.010	**	0.005	**	− 0.007		− 0.007		− 0.017	*	0.003
> 5 to 15	− 0.001		0.002		− 0.001		− 0.002		− 0.008		− 0.001
> 15 to 30	− 0.006	**	0.003	*	0.003		0.001		− 0.010	^°	0.007
> 30	0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000
Regional childcare 3–6 years
0 to 70	− 0.003		− 0.001		− 0.003		0.021		− 0.009		− 0.007	^°
> 70 to 80	− 0.005		0.001		− 0.017	**	0.005		0.003		− 0.003
> 80 to 90	− 0.002		− 0.002		0.000		0.005		− 0.003		− 0.003
> 90 to 95	0.001		0.000		− 0.008	^°	− 0.003		0.006		− 0.003
> 95	0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000		0.000
Observations			52,239				9041				11,676

Source calculations based on GSOEP, wave v37 (1992–2020)
Note °p < 0.1, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01; missing values not displayed

Back to article page