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Journal of Population Sciences

Table 3 Source country’s indicators—first-generation students in upper secondary school

From: Cultural persistence or change? Gender differences in educational expectations of first and second-generation immigrants in Italy

Geographical area

 

%

ENRFemale-90

Mean (st. err.)

ENRMale-90

Mean (st. err.)

GII-90

Mean (st. err.)

GDP-90

Mean (st. err.)

a

     

North and Western Europe

2.11

31.875 (1.535)

31.965 (1.316)

0.21 (0.034)

24,877.23 (4181.883)

Southern Europe

16.25

24.875 (2.800)

24.15 (2.645)

0.280 (0.009)

8268.637 (1741.202)

Eastern Europe

37.88

30.136 (5.013)

27.618 (4.508)

0.436 (0.004)

2403.318 (246.915)

South Asia

6.68

11.111 (8.617)

12.378 (6.355)

0.644 (0.013)

3053.067 (2605.47)

Middle East

0.02

15.1 (2.547)

15.185 (1.856)

0.613 (0.030)

5609.25 (1333.154)

East Asia and Pacific

2.77

8.446 (1.776)

10.575 (2.486)

0.484 (0.007)

2988.246 (1030.151)

China

2.03

5.8

8.8

0.27 (0.004)

3417.1

Western and Central Asia

0.54

29.79 (3.979)

28.34 (3.144)

0.423 (0.055)

2019.73 (875.771)

North Africa

10.47

7.257 (1.764)

11.714 (2.072)

0.655 (0.010)

1910.129 (808.397)

Sub-Sahara

7.38

1.554 (0.268)

3.483 (0.356)

0.587 (0.017)

913.654 (185.28)

Latin American and Caribbean

13.42

13.230 (1.138)

13.004 (1.116)

0.511 (0.009)

2745.461 (433.400)

Australia New Zealand

0.23

59.6 (20.218)

50.7 (15.415)

0.119 (0.023)

17,774.23 (2250.051)

b

 

Main source country (Ni/Nj)%

ENRFemale-90

Mean (st. err.)

ENRMale-90

Mean (st. err.)

GII-90

Mean (st. err.)

GDP-90

Mean (st. err.)

North and Western Europe

Germany (47.2)

75.96 (4.873)

59.27 (3.01)

0.09 (0.01)

58,473 (9642)

Southern Europe

Albany (72), North Macedonia (9.2)

73.54 (5.04)

57.306 (5.247)

0.135 (0.011)

16,669.2 (3264.903)

Eastern Europe

Romania (56), Moldova (18.9), Ukraine (14.5)

75.781 (5.869)

57.618 (4.927)

0.211 (0.019)

8989.236 (1609.756)

South Asia

Pakistan (30.2), India (29.1), Bangladesh (23)

24.144 (10.177)

21.011 (7.093)

0.484 (0.044)

8668.367 (6079.642)

Middle East

Iran (23.8), Iraq (19)

49.933 (4.634)

37.28 (4.180)

0.449 (0.044)

15,391.86 (4380.057)

East Asia and Pacific

Philippines (85.8)

46.252 (4.442)

51.576 (5.191)

0.337 (0.025)

10,302.02 (2498.727)

China

China (100)

50.2

42.3

0.172

8033

Western and Central Asia

Turkey (58)

44.49 (9.716)

41.04 (7.29)

0.294 (0.024)

6901 (2129)

North Africa

Morocco (70)

28.688 (5.288)

25.088 (3.791)

0.456 (0.048)

3127.275

Sub-Sahara

Senegal (33.4), Ghana (18.7)

9.126 (1.302)

10.837 (0.911)

0.571 (0.011)

2091.041 (413.673)

Latin America and Caribbean

Ecuador (34.4), Peru (25)

53.667 (4.440)

37.348 (3.209)

0.409 (0.012)

9364.345 (1086.382)

Australia New Zealand

Canada (83.3)

103.467

73.467

0.124

46,270

  1. Our elaborations on Istat data. Panels a and panel b report the main indicators concerning parents’ source countries in 1990 and respondents’ source countries in 2015, respectively. The second column (in a) reports the percentage of respondents born in each of the geographical areas indicated in the first column; the second column (in b) reports the ith country (or countries) for each geographical area j from where the highest number of sampled teens (Ni) comes (in parentheses: Nj = ∑Ni)