Journal of Population Sciences
Table 5 Expectations to go to university (Probit estimates)—students in upper secondary school
Variables | Whole samplea (Italians, first and second generation) | Immigrantsb (first and second generation) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coeff. (std. errs.) I | Coeff. (std. errs.) II | Coeff. (std. errs.) III | Coeff. (std. errs.) IV | Coeff. (std. errs.) V | Coeff. (std. errs.) VI | |
Female | 0.482*** (0.053) | 0.485*** (0.052) | 0.248** (0.126) | 0.510*** (0.066) | 0.429*** (0.066) | 0.714*** (0.109) |
North-East | 0.054 (0.077) | 0.048 (0.078) | 0.050 (0.078) | 0.047 (0.078) | − 0.027 (0.105) | − 0.037 (0.104) |
North-West | − 0.138* (0.079) | − 0.144* (0.08) | − 0.140* (0.079) | − 0.145* (0.080) | − 0.113 (0.106) | − 0.103 (0.105) |
Center | − 0.109 (0.079) | − 0.119 (0.081) | − 0.117 (0.080) | − 0.118 (0.081) | − 0.159 (0.110) | − 0.158 (0.110) |
Isles | − 0.169 (0.122) | − 0.168 (0.122) | − 0.162 (0.123) | − 0.170 (0.122) | − 0.007 (0.174) | − 0.022 (0.175) |
BigMun | 0.231*** (0.058) | 0.237*** (0.058) | 0.235*** (0.058) | 0.238*** (0.058) | 0.267*** (0.076) | 0.246*** (0.074) |
Second generationc) | 0.092 (0.083) | 0.105 (0.083) | 0.102 (0.083) | 0.204* (0.115) | ||
First generationc) | − 0.062 (0.051) | − 0.037 (0.054) | − 0.042 (0.054) | − 0.015 (0.068) | − 0.048 (0.090) | − 0.051 (0.09) |
School year | 0.255*** (0.032) | 0.258*** (0.032) | 0.258*** (0.032) | 0.258*** (0.032) | 0.264*** (0.030) | 0.260*** (0.03) |
Father’s education | 0.255*** (0.041) | 0.241*** (0.041) | 0.244*** (0.045) | 0.241*** (0.041) | 0.108** (0.048) | 0.114** (0.048) |
Mother’s education | 0.294*** (0.041) | 0.283*** (0.041) | 0.247*** (0.046) | 0.282*** (0.041) | 0.216*** (0.047) | 0.215*** (0.047) |
Family wealth | − 0.129** (0.051) | − 0.127*** (0.051) | − 0.127** (0.051) | − 0.155** (0.066) | − 0.154** (0.067) | |
Working father | 0.025 (0.079) | 0.023 (0.079) | 0.026 (0.080) | − 0.007 (0.090) | − 0.012 (0.090) | |
Working mother | 0.026 (0.059) | 0.027 (0.059) | 0.026 (0.059) | − 0.022 (0.072) | − 0.022 (0.071) | |
Female * Second generation | − 0.204 (0.163) | |||||
Female*First generation | − 0.043 (0.094) | |||||
Female *Father’s education | − 0.0004 (0.035) | |||||
Female*Mother’s education | 0.707* (0.038) | |||||
ENR90 | 0.007* (0.004 | 0.014** (0.005) | ||||
Female *ENR90 | − 0.015** (0.006) | |||||
MARGINAL EFFECTS | ||||||
Father’s education | 0.098*** | 0.093*** | 0.094*** | 0.093*** | 0.041*** | 0.043** |
Mother’s education | 0.113*** | 0.109*** | 0.095*** | 0.109*** | 0.081*** | 0.081*** |
ENR90 | 0.006* | |||||
No. of observations | 9713 | 9713 | 9713 | 9713 | 5860 | 5860 |
Wald (parameters) | 407.70 (13) | 418.36 | 421.66 | 449.80 | 303.39 | 314.44 |
LL | − 202,951.62 | − 202,217.44 | − 201,979 | − 202,134.72 | − 49,671.439 | − 49,451.678 |
Pseudo-R2 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 | 0.11 |