Cultural persistence or change? Gender differences in educational expectations of first and second-generation immigrants in Italy

Genus

Journal of Population Sciences

Table 9 Expectations to go to university (probit estimates)—first- and second-generation students in upper secondary school by gender

First and second generation (18-year-old and older students)
Variables	Females	Males
Model 1-coefficients [marginal effects)
ENRmale-90	0.003 [0.001]	0.012** [0.004]
ENRfemale-90	− 0.002[− 0.001]	0.006 [0.002]
Mother’s education	0.249*** [0.099]	0193*** [0.065]
Father’s education	0.093 [0.037]	0.148** [0.05]
LL	− 26,643.99	− 24,623.308
No. observations	3040	2820
Model 2-coefficients (marginal effects)
ENRmale-90	0.005 [0.002]	0.017** [0.006]
ENRfemale-90	0.00 2[0.0006]	0.005 [0.002]
LL	− 27,474.223	− 25,131.568
No. observations	3040	2820

First generation (18-year-old and older students)
Variables	Females	Males
Model 1-coefficients [marginal effects]
ENRmale-90	0.004 [0.00002]	0.013** [0.004]
ENRfemale-90	0.001 [− 0.001]	− 0.004 [− 0.001]
Mother’s education	0.230*** [0.092]	0.228*** [0.071]
Father’s education	0.164** [0.065]	0.157** [0.049]
LL	− 16,906.959	− 14,483.714
No. observations	2628	2368
Model 2-coefficients (marginal effects]
ENRmale-90	0.0007 [0.0002]	0.014** [0.005]
ENRfemale-90	0.004 [0.001]	0.002** [0.0008]
LL	− 17,698.908	− 15,005.623
No. observations	2628	2368

Variables are defined in Table 1. *Statistically significant at 10% level; **statistically significant at 5% level; *** statistically significant at 1% level. Robust standard errors. Weighted analyses. We do not include family background and location of residence in order to observe the full effect of parents’ education. The variables concerning migratory status are included but not reported