Fig. 5

AME of ECEC indicators on first, second and higher parity births across employment situation in the previous year, by age and sex. Average marginal effects (AME) with 95% CIs of ECEC (3-year lag) on parity progression. Logistic regression models with regional fixed effects implemented by demeaning. Models incorporate a four-way interaction with ECEC, age, sex and employment situation at t-1 and control for non-parametric education-specific time trends, marital status and immigration status. The CIs were trimmed at − 0.04 and + 0.04 to ensure a common axis on the plot due to the large confidence intervals.